TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of included participants.
| Regular use of PPI | Regular use of H2RA | Overall | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 45,538) | No (N = 431,755) | Yes (N = 9,596) | No (N = 467,697) | (N = 477,293) | |
| Mean (SD) Age, years | 60.0 (7.30) | 56.6 (8.12) | 58.0 (8.01) | 56.9 (8.11) | 56.9 (8.10) |
| Female, N (%) | 23,683 (52.0) | 230,750 (53.4) | 4,995 (52.1) | 249,438 (53.3) | 254,433 (53.3) |
| White, N (%) | 43,248 (95.0) | 407,941 (94.5) | 9,074 (94.6) | 442,115 (94.5) | 451,189 (94.5) |
| Mean (SD) Index of multiple deprivation | 20.0 (15.7) | 17.0 (13.8) | 20.7 (16.3) | 17.2 (14.0) | 17.3 (14.1) |
| Mean (SD) BMI, kg/m2 | 29.0 (5.05) | 27.1 (4.64) | 28.8 (5.11) | 27.3 (4.70) | 27.3 (4.71) |
| Never drinker, N (%) | 5,373 (11.8) | 32,074 (7.4) | 1,031 (10.7) | 36,416 (7.8) | 37,447 (7.8) |
| Never smoker, N (%) | 21,170 (46.5) | 241,984 (56.0) | 4,327 (45.1) | 258,827 (55.3) | 263,154 (55.1) |
| Median (IQR) physical activity, MET hours/week | 41.4 (45.2) | 44.7 (45.4) | 40.7 (44.5) | 44.5 (45.4) | 44.4 (45.4) |
| >5 portions of fruit and vegetable per day, N (%) | 17,017 (37.4) | 162,360 (37.6) | 3,361 (35.0) | 176,016 (37.6) | 179,377 (37.6) |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 32,519 (71.4) | 245,795 (56.9) | 6,384 (66.5) | 271,930 (58.1) | 278,314 (58.3) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, N (%) | 16,886 (37.1) | 70,743 (16.4) | 2,838 (29.6) | 84,791 (18.1) | 87,629 (18.4) |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 5,193 (11.4) | 22,257 (5.2) | 905 (9.4) | 26,545 (5.7) | 27,450 (5.8) |
| Oesophagitis, N (%) | 3,636 (8.0) | 2,702 (0.6) | 387 (4.0) | 5,951 (1.3) | 6,338 (1.3) |
| GERD, N (%) | 19,946 (43.8) | 12,544 (2.9) | 3,066 (32.0) | 29,424 (6.3) | 32,490 (6.8) |
| Gastric or duodenal ulcer, N (%) | 4,536 (10.0) | 6,114 (1.4) | 913 (9.5) | 9,737 (2.1) | 10,650 (2.2) |
| Gastritis, N (%) | 8,472 (18.6) | 11,163 (2.6) | 1,071 (11.2) | 18,564 (4.0) | 19,635 (4.1) |
| Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, N (%) | 1,432 (3.1) | 2,260 (0.5) | 181 (1.9) | 3,511 (0.8) | 3,692 (0.8) |
| Aspirin use, N (%) | 11,352 (24.9) | 56,306 (13.0) | 2034 (21.2) | 65,624 (14.0) | 67,658 (14.2) |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs use, N (%) | 7,706 (16.9) | 69,274 (16.0) | 2,300 (24.0) | 74,680 (16.0) | 76,980 (16.1) |
| Statin use, N (%) | 15,134 (33.2) | 61,454 (14.2) | 2,429 (25.3) | 74,159 (15.9) | 76,588 (16.0) |
| Poor health rating, N (%) | 6,309 (13.9) | 14,342 (3.3) | 1,147 (12.0) | 19,504 (4.2) | 20,651 (4.3) |
| Longstanding illness, N (%) | 27,017 (59.3) | 121,652 (28.2) | 4,930 (51.4) | 143,739 (30.7) | 148,669 (31.1) |