Table 1.

Clavien-Dindo Classification Definitions

Grades	Definition [16]
I	Any deviation from normal postoperative course without need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic, or radiological interventions
	Allowed therapeutic regimens: antiemetics, antipyretics, analgesics, diuretics, electrolytes, and physiotherapy
	This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside
II	Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than those included in the grade I complications
	Also includes blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition
III	Requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological interventions
	a: Not under general anesthesia
	b: Under general anesthesia
IV	Life-threatening complication (including central nervous system complications)* requiring intensive care unit management
	a: Single organ dysfunction (including dialysis)
	b: Multi-organ dysfunction
V	Death

^*Including brain hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, or subarachnoid bleeding but excluding transient ischemic attacks.