Table 2.

Joint Model Results Showing Significant Association Between the Depression Trajectory and Survival.

Measure	Model	HR	95% CI	SHR	95% CI	P-value
PHQ9	Model 1	1.122	(1.068, 1.179)	1.614	(1.315, 1.981)	<0.0001
	Model 2	1.108	(1.053, 1.166)	1.533	(1.241, 1.894)	<0.0001
	Model 3	1.092	(1.033, 1.155)	1.442	(1.145, 1.817)	0.0019
GAD7	Model 1	1.061	(0.999, 1.127)	1.261	(0.997, 1.594)	0.053
	Model 2	1.059	(0.995, 1.128)	1.252	(0.981, 1.597)	0.071
	Model 3	1.035	(0.967, 1.107)	1.142	(0.878, 1.486)	0.32

Association between each longitudinal psychological measure [depression (PHQ9) and anxiety (GAD7)] and overall survival. Estimated hazard ratio (HR), standardized hazard ratio (SHR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values are provided. HRs are per one-point increase in each measure, while SHRs are per standard deviation increase. Model 1 includes only the PHQ9 or the GAD7. Model 2 adds covariates of age, sex, smoking status, lung cancer type, and treatment type. Model 3 includes all covariates from Model 2 and adds marital status and education.