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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Discov. 2021 Dec 10;12(2):303–330. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1368

Figure 1: Biological framework for understanding the immune response to COVID-19 in patients with cancer.

Figure 1:

Step 1: Infection of the upper respiratory tract’s epithelial cells

Step 2: Viral replication occurs in the lower airways and alveoli

ACE-2: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

S-protein: Spike protein

COV: SARS-CoV-2

ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

ICI: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

IFN-I: Type-I Interferon response

IFN-II: Type-II Interferon response

VTE: Venous Thromboembolism