Table 1.
Bioclimatic variables used to generate the Climate Stability Index (CSI) maps.
| Variable | Unit | Map set (source) | Included in CSI maps |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bio1: Annual mean temperature | °C | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP3) | ||
| Bio2: Mean diurnal range (Mean of monthly (max. temp. - min. temp.)) | °C | Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP5) |
| Bio3: Isothermality (bio2/bio7) (×100) | dls | Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP5) |
| Bio4: Temperature seasonality (standard deviation ×100) | °C | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | |||
| Bio5: Max. temperature of warmest month | °C | Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP3) |
| Bio6: Min. temperature of coldest month | °C | Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP2) |
| Bio7: Temperature annual range (bio5-bio6) | °C | Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP5) |
| Bio8: Mean temperature of wettest quarter | °C | Past (PaleoClim) | Future (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP5) |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | |||
| Bio9: Mean temperature of driest quarter | °C | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP5) | ||
| Bio10: Mean temperature of warmest quarter | °C | Past (PaleoClim) | Future (SSP1, SSP2, SSP5) |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | |||
| Bio11: Mean temperature of coldest quarter | °C | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | |||
| Bio12: Annual precipitation | mm | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP3, SSP5) | ||
| Bio13: Precipitation of wettest month | mm | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP3, SSP5) | ||
| Bio14: Precipitation of driest month | mm | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1) | ||
| Bio15: Precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation) | dls | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP5) | ||
| Bio16: Precipitation of wettest quarter | mm | Past (PaleoClim) | Future (SSP2) |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | |||
| Bio17: Precipitation of driest quarter | mm | Past (PaleoClim) | Future (SSP2, SSP3, SSP5) |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | |||
| Bio18: Precipitation of warmest quarter | mm | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP5) | ||
| Bio19: Precipitation of coldest quarter | mm | Past (PaleoClim) | Past |
| Future (WorldClim v2) | Future (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP5) |
For each variable we include the following information: the units, whether they are included in a climate map set (and source from where it can be downloaded), and whether they have been taken into account to calculate the CSI. Note that bio2, bio3, bio5, bio6 and bio7 were not included for the calculation of CSI-past as these variables are not available in PaleoClim database16 for T1 (M2, Pliocene, ca. 3.3 Ma), T2 (mid-Pliocene warm period, Pliocene, 3.205 Ma), and T3 (MIS19, Pleistocene, ca. 787 ka). Unit abbreviations: °C (Celsius), mm (millimetres), dls (dimensionless).