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. 2022 Feb 10;13:817. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28512-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Schema of injections sites in SC with AAV5-hSyn-eYFP or AAV5-hSyn-ChR2-eYFP, and optic fiber implantation above the VTA. b Schema of the open-field arena. The mice are free to explore the apparatus for 10 min in both stimulations’ conditions. c Stimulation protocols: 8 pulses of 488 nm light (30 Hz) were separated by 5 s in the light ON condition. d Distance moved in the open-field arena for eYFP and ChR2 mice under light and no-light stimulation. RM two-way ANOVA (Light main effect: F_(1,18) = 4.0046, P = 0.0607; Virus main effect: F_(1,18) = 4.8210, P = 0.0415; Light × Virus interaction: F_(1,18) = 4.8217, P = 0.0415) followed by Bonferroni-Holm post-hoc test correction. e Time passed in the center of the open-field arena for eYFP and ChR2 mice under light and no-light stimulation. RM two-way ANOVA (Light main effect: F_(1,18) = 0.1628, P = 0.6913; Virus main effect: F_(1,18) = 0.145, P = 0.7078; Light × Virus interaction: F_(1,18) = 0.546, P = 0.4695). f Right panel: identification and report of the behavioral episodes caused by a burst of optostimulation. Left panel: quantification of the behavioral episodes caused by a burst of optostimulation. Two-way ANOVA (Behavior main effect: F_{(2.004, 36.08)} = 20.47, P < 0.0001; Group main effect: F_{(1, 18)} = 5.370, P = 0.0325; Behavior × Group Interaction: F_{(3, 54)} = 3.364, P = 0.0251) followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons post-hoc test. N indicates the number of mice. # indicates significantly different interaction. All the data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. as error bars. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.