Table 1.

Infant demographic and clinical features.^a

Characteristic	N (%) or Mean (SD)
Sex
Female	1954 (48.8%)
Male	2052 (51.2%)
Race
Asian	213 (5.3%)
Black	1574 (39.2%)
Hispanic	286 (7.1%)
Multiracial	135 (3.4%)
Other	262 (6.5%)
White, non-Hispanic	1543 (38.5%)
Not reported	3 (0.1%)
Payer
Medicaid	2079 (51.9%)
Private insurance	1331 (33.2%)
Managed care	485 (12.1%)
Self-pay	62 (1.6%)
Medicare	39 (1%)
Other	10 (< 1%)
Delivery mode
Vaginal	2425 (64.9%)
Caesarean section	1309 (35.1%)
NICU stay
Mean NICU length of stay (days)	3.9 (18.1)
No	3457 (86.1%)
Yes	559 (13.9%)
Gestational age
Mean Gestational age (weeks)	38.1 (3.3)
Early preterm (< 28 weeks)	119 (3.1%)
Very preterm (28 to < 32 weeks)	121 (3.2%)
Moderate to late preterm (32 to < 37 weeks)	448 (11.7%)
Early term (37 to < 39 weeks)	1089 (28.3%)
Full term (39 to < 41 weeks)	1765 (45.9%)
Late/post term (41 weeks or greater)	301 (7.8%)

^a.Categorical responses may not sum to total sample size of 4,016 due to missing data.