TABLE 2.
Physical–mechanical properties for 8-mm-thick MDF and a density of 780 kg/m3 bonded with laccases, LMS, and LLMS.
| Variant | IB a | MOR a | TS a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glue/enzyme | Mediator | Lignin | (N/mm2) | (N/mm2) | (%) |
| — | — | — | 0.07 ± 0.01 (a) | 7 ± 1 (a) | 107 ± 5 (a) |
| DMP | — | 0.09 ± 0.02 (a) | 8 ± 1 (a) | 102 ± 5 (a) | |
| — | Lignosulfonate | 0.18 ± 0.02 (b) | 11 ± 3 (b) | 89 ± 7 (a) | |
| — | Indulin AT | 0.16 ± 0.01 (b) | 12 ± 2 (b) | 78 ± 3 (b) | |
| DMP | Lignosulfonate | 0.18 ± 0.03 (b) | 12 ± 1 (b) | 94 ± 3 (a) | |
| DMP | Indulin AT | 0.17 ± 0.02 (b) | 12 ± 1 (b) | 87 ± 2 (a) | |
| CcLcc5 | — | — | 0.12 ± 0.01 (b) | 10 ± 2 (b) | 84 ± 5 (b) |
| DMP | − (LMS) | 0.18 ± 0.04 (b) | 13 ± 1 (b) | 48 ± 5 (d) | |
| DMP | Lignosulfonate (LLMS) | 0.55 ± 0.03 (e) | 19 ± 1 (d) | 38 ± 2 (d) | |
| DMP | Indulin AT (LLMS) | 0.43 ± 0.01 (d) | 17 ± 1 (c) | 31 ± 1 (e) | |
| Novozym 51003 | — | — | 0.21 ± 0.03 (c) | 11 ± 2 (b) | 56 ± 4 (c) |
| DMP | − (LMS) | 0.23 ± 0.02 (c) | 15 ± 1 (c) | 45 ± 4 (d) | |
| DMP | Lignosulfonate (LLMS) | 0.59 ± 0.02 (e) | 21 ± 2 (d) | 36 ± 1 (d) | |
| DMP | Indulin AT (LLMS) | 0.51 ± 0.02 (e) | 17 ± 0 (c) | 34 ± 2 (d) | |
| UF K350 10% | — | — | 0.75 ± 0.10 (f) | 29 ± 2 (e) | 19 ± 1 (f) |
| a Required for 8-mm-thick MDF according to DIN EN 622-5 (2010) | ≥0.65 | ≥23 | ≤17 | ||
a
Different letters behind the means ± SD represent significant differences (p > 0.05) in IB (n = 36 per board), MOR (n = 18 per board), or TS (n = 36 per board) compared to the reference values of MDF, made with neither enzyme nor mediator or technical lignin or conventional binder.