TABLE 2.
Potential of exosomal lncRNA as diagnostic and prognostic tool in BC
| LncRNA | Source of exosome | Exosome isolation techniques | Biomarker potential | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HYMA1, LINC00477, LOC100506688 and OTX2‐AS1 | Urine | Ultracentrifugation | Biomarkers for BC prognosis | [91] |
| UCA1 | Serum | ExoQuick solution | A biomarker for BC diagnosis | [92] |
| MALAT1, PCAT1 and SPRY4‐IT1 | Urine | Ultracentrifugation | Biomarkers for BC diagnosis and prognosis | [112] |
| PTENP1 | Plasma | ExoQuick solution | A biomarker for BC diagnosis | [97] |
| PCAT‐1, UBC1 and SNHG16 | Serum | ExoQuick solution | Biomarkers for BC diagnosis and prognosis | [113] |
| H19 | Serum | ExoQuick solution | A biomarker for BC diagnosis and prognosis | [114] |
| UCA1‐201, HOTAIR, HYMA1 and MALAT1 | Urine | Ultracentrifugation | Biomarkers for BC diagnosis | [115] |
Abbreviations: BC, bladder cancer; H19, H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript; HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA; lncRNA, Long noncoding RNA; MALAT1, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; OTX2‐AS1, orthodenticle homeobox 2 antisense 1; PCAT1, prostate cancer associated transcript 1; PTENP1, phosphatase and tensin homolog pseudogene 1; SNHG16, small nucleolar RNA host gene 16; SPRY4‐IT1, SPRY4 intronic transcript 1; UCA1, urothelial cancer associated 1.