TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the study population (n = 554).
| Demographics | n | % | Mean ± s.d. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male | 228 | 41.2 | - |
| Female | 326 | 58.8 | - |
| Age | 45.8 ± 10.7 | ||
| 18–27 | 19 | 3.4 | - |
| 28–37 | 111 | 20.0 | - |
| 38–47 | 176 | 31.8 | - |
| 48–57 | 163 | 29.4 | - |
| 58+ | 85 | 15.3 | - |
| Body mass index | |||
| Under weight | 51 | 9.2 | - |
| Normal | 166 | 30.0 | - |
| Overweight | 202 | 36.5 | - |
| Obese | 135 | 24.4 | - |
| Level of education | |||
| No formal education | 106 | 19.1 | - |
| Primary | 194 | 35.0 | - |
| Secondary | 144 | 26.0 | - |
| Tertiary | 110 | 19.9 | - |
| Annual household income | |||
| Poor | 104 | 18.8 | - |
| Low emerging middle | 273 | 49.3 | - |
| Emerging middle | 96 | 17.3 | - |
| Realised middle | 49 | 8.8 | - |
| Upper middle class | 32 | 5.8 | - |
| Sciatica | |||
| Yes | 106 | 19.1 | - |
| No | 448 | 80.9 | - |
| LBP onset | |||
| Gradually without injury | 347 | 62.6 | - |
| Abruptly without injury | 120 | 21.7 | - |
| Gradually after an injury | 52 | 9.4 | - |
| Abruptly after an injury | 17 | 3.1 | - |
| LBP severity | |||
| Mild | 303 | 54.7 | - |
| Moderate | 147 | 26.5 | - |
| Severe | 104 | 18.8 | - |
| LBP frequency | |||
| Seldom | 70 | 12.6 | - |
| Occasionally | 300 | 54.1 | - |
| Frequently | 69 | 12.5 | - |
| Constantly | 115 | 20.8 | |
| LBP progression | |||
| Still the same | 87 | 15.7 | - |
| Getting better | 29 | 5.2 | - |
| Getting worse | 93 | 16.8 | - |
| Comes and goes | 345 | 62.3 | - |
| Interference with ADL | |||
| Yes | 280 | 50.5 | - |
| No | 274 | 49.5 | - |
s.d., standard deviation; LBP, low back pain; ADL, activities of daily living.