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. 2022 Jan 28;14:822787. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.822787

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Copyright © 2022 Philbert, Xu, Scholefield, Church, Unwin and Cooper.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two-dimensional PCA plot for human dry-weight hippocampal post-mortem tissue from multiple age-related demented diseases and T2D. Data represents a PCA plot using ICP-MS-metallomic data from VaD (n = 10; yellow), AD (n = 9; red), HD (n = 9; purple), PDD (n = 9; blue), T2D (n = 6; pink), and control (n = 40; green) dry-weight hippocampal post-mortem tissue. The colored ellipses around each cohort signify 95% confidence regions. The first (Dim1) and second (Dim2) principal components contribute to 49 and 16.5% of the total variance, respectively. No visible separation is apparent between all cohorts. n = number of post-mortem human samples. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; Con, Control; ICP-MS, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; PDD, Parkinson’s disease dementia; T2D, Type-2 diabetes; VaD, Vascular dementia.