FIGURE 1.

The relationship between the Fox family and bone diseases. The bone diseases related to the Fox family are divided into six types listed in the first inner ring (six types of colors, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, bone tumors, and hereditary bone diseases). The characteristics of different diseases are listed in the second inner ring. Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease caused by dyshomeostasis of bone metabolism, is closely related with bone formation and bone resorption; Osteoarthritis, a chronic joint disease characterized by degenerative changes in joint cartilage, is closely related with cartilaginous degeneration; Chronic low back pain is closely related with intervertebral disc degeneration; Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic joint disease characterized by persistent synovitis and associated damage to the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, is closely related with synovial and damage of articular cartilage and subchondral bone; Bone tumors is separated into metastatic bone tumors (a subtumor formed in bone originated from other parts of body), Ewing sarcoma (a rare and highly aggressive cancer that occurs primarily in the bones and surrounding tissues of children and adolescents), and osteosarcoma (the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, and it occurs mainly in children and adolescents); Hereditary bone diseases, caused by genetic factors, is separated into Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome and blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome. The correlations between the characteristics of different diseases and Fox-related genes are listed in the third inner ring. “+,” Fox-related genes enhance this symptom (or activity); “−,” Fox-related genes inhibit this symptom (or activity); “m,” mutation of Fox-related genes. The Fox-related genes are listed in the outer ring.