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. 2022 Feb 11;23:121. doi: 10.1186/s12864-022-08358-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Genetic diversity in the spike protein of all available SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. The vertical axis of each plot shows the number of designated sequences that exhibit mutations at each amino acid position (log10-scaled). A Distribution of non-synonymous variation across amino acid positions of the spike protein (horizontal axis). B Distribution of synonymous variation across nucleotide sites in the spike protein (horizontal axis). C Distribution insertion and deletion variation (indels) across nucleotide sites in the spike protein (horizontal axis). Each point represents the 5′ nucleotide site at the start of each indel. In each plot, genetic variation is determined by comparison with a lineage A reference sequence (Wuhan/WH04/2020, EPI_ISL_406801)