Table 2.
Number and percentage of single diseases and multimorbidity stratified by sex and birth phases for the whole participants (n = 3,377) from KORA-Age 1 and KORA-Age 3
| Disease | Total (3,377) | Sex | Birth phases | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (1,616) | Female (1,761) | P-value | Pre-war (684) | Early war (1,236) | Late war (283) | Famine (574) | After famine (600) | P-value | ||
| Multimorbidity (MM) | 1667 (49.4%) | 788 (48.8%) | 879 (49.9%) | 0.503 | 370 (54.1%) | 561 (45.4%) | 176 (62.2%) | 310 (54.0%) | 250 (41.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Lung | 343 (10.2%) | 157 (9.7%) | 186 (10.6%) | 0.415 | 61 (8.9%) | 109 (8.8%) | 35 (12.4%) | 71 (12.4%) | 67 (11.2%) | 0.065 |
| Joint diseases( Arthritis. Rheumatic) | 349 (10.3%) | 119 (7.4%) | 230 (13.1%) | < 0.001 | 74 (10.8%) | 138 (11.2%) | 31 (11.0%) | 52 (9.1%) | 54 (9.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 145 (4.3%) | 74 (4.6%) | 71 (4.0%) | 0.433 | 25 (3.7%) | 55 (4.4%) | 13 (4.6%) | 27 (4.7%) | 25 (4.2%) | 0.898 |
| Gastrointestinal | 270 (8%) | 109 (6.7%) | 161 (9.1%) | 0.0101 | 61 (8.9%) | 97 (7.8%) | 21 (7.4%) | 49 (8.5%) | 42 (7.0%) | 0.735 |
| Heart diseases | 637 (18.9%) | 371 (23%) | 266 (15.1%) | < 0.001 | 149 (21.8%) | 216 (17.5%) | 65 (23.0%) | 121 (21.1%) | 86 (14.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 165 (4.9%) | 110 (6.8%) | 55 (3.1%) | < 0.001 | 34 (5.0%) | 52 (4.2%) | 27 (9.5%) | 32 (5.6%) | 20 (3.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Kidney | 117 (3.5%) | 62 (3.8%) | 55 (3.1%) | 0.257 | 30 (4.4%) | 34 (2.8%) | 18 (6.4%) | 24 (4.2%) | 11 (1.8%) | 0.002 |
| Liver | 82 (2.4%) | 43 (2.7%) | 39 (2.2%) | 0.400 | 15 (2.2%) | 29 (2.3%) | 9 (3.2%) | 15 (2.6%) | 14 (2.3%) | 0.913 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 504 (14.9%) | 276 (17.1%) | 228 (12.9%) | < 0.001 | 118 (17.3%) | 165 (13.3%) | 48 (17.0%) | 95 (16.6%) | 78 (13.0%) | 0.056 |
| Neurological disease | 103 (3.1%) | 51 (3.2%) | 52 (3.0%) | 0.731 | 22 (3.2%) | 31 (2.5%) | 10 (3.5%) | 20 (3.5%) | 20 (3.3%) | 0.727 |
| Hypertension | 1914 (56.7%) | 910 (56.3%) | 1004 (57.0%) | 0.626 | 396 (57.9%) | 673 (54.4%) | 179 (63.3%) | 344 (59.9%) | 322 (53.7%) | 0.013 |
| Eye disease | 866 (25.6%) | 364 (22.5%) | 502 (28.5%) | < 0.001 | 202 (29.5%) | 285 (23.1%) | 103 (36.4%) | 164 (28.6%) | 112 (18.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety | 192 (5.7%) | 55 (3.4%) | 137 (7.8%) | < 0.001 | 55 (8.0%) | 87 (7.0%) | 9 (3.2%) | 24 (4.2%) | 17 (2.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 44 (1.3%) | 16 (1.0%) | 28 (1.6%) | 0.131 | 12 (1.8%) | 15 (1.2%) | 3 (1.1%) | 9 (1.6%) | 5 (0.8%) | 0.616 |
P-value from Chi-square test for categorical variables. Phases were defined based on participant’s critical developmental age (prenatal gestation or the first two years of life) and the World War II situation in Germany