Table 1:
Geometric means (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for creatinine-corrected urine PAH metabolite concentrations (ng/g creatinine) by the characteristics of the STEP study population
| Samples, N (%) | 1-hydroxy naphthalene GM (95% CI) |
2-hydroxy naphthalene GM (95% CI) |
2-hydroxy fluorene GM (95% CI) |
3- hydroxy fluorene GM (95% CI) |
1- hydroxy phenanthrene GM (95% CI) |
2 & 3-hydroxy phenanthrene GM (95% CI) |
1-hydroxy pyrene GM (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 158 (55) | 21466 (18614-24754) |
17603 (15817-19591) |
1993 (1805-2201) |
1384 (1245-1538) |
1151 (1045-1268) |
1495 (1346-1661) |
1488 (1311-1689) |
| Female | 131 (45) | 36206 (31875-41125)** |
36942 (32851-41544)** |
4490 (4030-5002)** |
2927 (2617-3273)** |
2317 (2094-2565)** |
2957 (2637-3315)** |
4509 (3952-5144)** |
|
| ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| < 50 | 157 (54) | 27613 (24339-31327) |
26659 (23819-29838) |
3146 (2827-3501) |
2203 (1984-2446) |
1642 (1485-1817) |
2183 (1957-2435) |
2786 (2413-3218) |
| >=50 | 132 (46) | 26729 (22679-31502) |
22423.0 (19436-25869)* |
2593 (2255-2982)* |
1674 (1450-1933)** |
1511 (1327-1720) |
1876 (1634-2153) |
2120 (1785-2518)** |
|
| ||||||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Post-primary | 100 (35) | 24414 (20007-29792) |
20242 (17153-23887) |
2413 (2072-2811) |
1685 (1447-1963) |
1369 (1185-1580) |
1765 (1522-2047) |
1989 (1644-2406) |
| Primary or less | 189 (65) | 28809 (25715-32276)** |
27330 (24649-30301)** |
3163 (2852-3506)** |
2096 (1884-2331)** |
1706 (1550-1878)** |
2197 (1976-2442)** |
2752 (2403-3152)** |
|
| ||||||||
| Family history of esophageal cancer | ||||||||
| Present | 17 (6) | 32791 (17711-60712) |
20819 (13663-31721) |
2519 (1623-3912) |
1628 (1049-2528) |
1327 (950-1855) |
1762 (1163-2668) |
2039 (1208-3444) |
| Absent | 272 (94) | 26330 (23502-29498) |
24911 (22715-27320) |
2909 (2662-3179) |
1970 (1801-2155) |
1601 (1473-1740) |
2058 (1882-2249) |
2492 (2222-2796) |
|
| ||||||||
| Regular tobacco Use | ||||||||
| Yes | 56 (19) | 31172 (24929-38980) |
25108 (20755-30375) |
2714 (2283-3228) |
1941 (1632-2309) |
1504 (1248-1813) |
1967 (1613-2400) |
2068 (1665-2569) |
| No | 233 (81) | 26952 (23734-30607) |
24520 (22147-27148) |
2921 (2645-3227) |
1944 (1757-2151) |
1600 (1462-1750) |
2054 (1865-2262) |
2564 (2256-2914) |
|
| ||||||||
| Regular alcohol use | ||||||||
| Yes | 92 (32) | 27368 (23171-32325) |
22844 (19819-26331) |
2588 (2258-2967) |
1747 (1525-2002) |
1461 (1273-1677) |
1916 (1658-2214) |
2049 (1730-2428) |
| No | 197 (68) | 26952 (23734-30607) |
25336 (22617-28381) |
3010 (2697-3359) |
2030 (1815-2271) |
1632 (1478-1802) |
2080 (1868-2316) |
2672 (2316-3082)* |
|
| ||||||||
| Drinking mursik | ||||||||
| Yes | 252 (87) | 27865 (24984-31078) |
24710 (22453-27194) |
2858 (2601-3139) |
1935 (1761-2127) |
1568 (1436-1710) |
2035 (1853-2234) |
2416 (2140-2727) |
| No | 37 (13) | 23111 (17598-30352) |
24116 (18528-31389) |
3039 (2427-3805) |
2001 (1562-2563) |
1675 (1353-2073) |
2048 (1617-2593) |
2778 (2088-3695) |
|
| ||||||||
| Cooking indoors † | ||||||||
| Yes | 34 (12) | 39776 (29570-53506) |
39431 (31403-49511) |
4337 (3458-5439) |
3048 (2452-3787) |
2166 (1768-2653) |
2959 (2358-3714) |
3823 (2852-5124) |
| No | 254 (88) | 25862 (23246-28773)* |
23136 (21047-25432)** |
2727 (2488-2989)** |
1830 (1667-2009)** |
1516 (1391-1652)** |
1938 (1768-2124)** |
2319 (2059-2611)** |
|
| ||||||||
| Any Dysplasia | ||||||||
| Present | 42 (15) | 27527 (21143-35840) |
26128 (20188-33815) |
3099 (2462-3901) |
2019 (1567-2600) |
1749 (1418-2158) |
2158 (1695-2749) |
2842 (2127-3797) |
| No | 247 (85) | 27151 (24320-30312) |
24270 (22158-26583) |
2844 (2590-3124) |
1931 (1758-2121) |
1554 (1424-1696) |
2017 (1838-2213) |
2400 (2126-2709) |
|
| ||||||||
| Moderate/Severe Dysplasia | ||||||||
| Present | 9 (3) | 34698 (22225-54172) |
39122 (24371-62800)* |
3849 (2384-6215) |
2735 (1563-4786) |
2259 (1430-3568) |
2663 (1618-4382) |
3579 (1810-7076) |
| Absent | 280 (97) | 26994 (24338-29938) |
24270 (22158-26583) |
2853 (2613-3116) |
1922 (1758-2102) |
1563 (1440-1696) |
2019 (1849-2205) |
2430 (2170-2721) |
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01 using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney nonparametric rank-sum test
†
One person was missing the information on cooking location.
Abbreviations: 2-3- hydroxyphenanthrene: the sum of 2-and 3- hydroxyphenanthrene.