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. 2022 Jan 28;8:786682. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.786682

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The inflammatory cytokines in serum and the inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in ileum of C57BL/6 mice with different treatments in Experiment 1. (A) Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), (B) diamine oxidase (DAO), (C–E) the ileal inflammatory cytokine gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, and (F–H) serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Control, control group that oral gavaged with physiological saline before i.p. PBS injection; LPS, a LPS injection group that oral gavaged with physiological saline before i.p. LPS injection; GSP + LPS, a GSP administration group that oral gavaged with 250 mg/kg GSP before i.p. LPS injection; Abx + GSP + LPS, an antibiotic group that given a mixture of antibiotics in drinking water before the Experiment 1, and then coupled with GSP before i.p. LPS injection. Data are presented by the mean ± SEMs (n = 6). Bars with no letter in common are significantly different, p ≤ 0.05.