Table 3. A summary of biological functions related to neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, and cognition for some of the 22 miRs, which were increased in older male mice.

miR	Role in neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, and cognition
miR-106b-5p	Upregulated during neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease models [105–109]
miR-15a-5p	Can have pro- or anti-apoptotic activity [53, 54, 110]
miR-15b-5p	Can have pro- or anti-apoptotic activity [110–113]
miR-190a-3p	Biomarker for postoperative cognitive dysfunction [55]
miR-212-3p	Downregulation is a biomarker for neurodegenerative disease [114–116]
miR-223-3p	Inhibition of neuroinflammation [47–49, 117]. Biomarker of sepsis severity [102]
miR-30b-5p	Upregulation is neuroprotective [118–120]
miR-30c-5p	Can have pro- or anti-apoptotic activity [121–123]
miR-31-3p	Role in conditioned place preference [124]
miR-323-3p	Biomarker for cognitive impairment [125, 126]
miR-33-3p	Neurogenesis [127]
miR-340-5p	Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective [128–130]
miR-342-3p	Upregulated in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease models [131–135]
miR-362-5p	Nervous system development [136]
miR-381-3p	Upregulation during encephalomyelitis [137] and HIV associated with cognitive impairment [138]
miR-7a-1-3p	Promotes generation of oligodendrocytes [139] and regulates excitatory synaptic transmission [140]
let-7f-1	Promotes IL-6 secretion in activated macrophages [141]
miR-98-3p	Upregulated by caloric restriction [142]