Table 3. Results of generalized estimation equation models testing associations between TL measures and external validity metrics.

	DNAmTL			aTL
	β [95% CI] p-value			β [95% CI] p-value
Biological Sex (Males vs. Females)	−0.27	[−0.51, −0.03]	0.029	0.32	[0.07, 0.56]	0.012
Ethnicity (Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic)	−0.15	[−0.43, 0.14]	0.320	−0.09	[−0.58, 0.41]	0.730
Race (Black/African-American vs. White)	0.74	[0.44, 1.03]	<0.001	−0.04	[−0.37, 0.29]	0.820
Race (Other vs. White)	0.28	[−0.09, 0.65]	0.140	0.17	[−0.21, 0.55]	0.370
Maltreatment (Exposed vs. Comparison)	−0.13	[−0.41, 0.14]	0.330	0.16	[−0.18, 0.51]	0.360

Coefficients reflect standard deviation difference in age-adjusted TL between groups. All models included covariate control for chronological age. Models testing for differences in TL as a function of ethnicity, race, and maltreatment status included additional covariate control for sex. All models included random effect for family ID to account for partial nesting of siblings within families. Significant results in bold. Abbreviation: CI: confidence interval.