TABLE 2.
Predictors of Frailty: Univariate and Multivariate Analyses
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P |
| Worsened | ||||
| Age at questionnaire, y | ||||
| ≥60 vs <60 | 1.25 (0.78–1.99) | .35 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Other vs non-Hispanic White | 1.02 (0.45–2.29) | .97 | ||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Annual income <$60,000/<college level vs annual income ≥$60,000/≥college level | 1.25 (0.74–2.12) | .40 | ||
| Time between first and second questionnaire | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) | .54 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Ever smoked vs never smoked | 0.97 (0.60–1.56) | .90 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | .09 | |
| Women | 1.31 (0.83–2.08) | .12 | 1.5 (0.93–2.4) | |
| Primary cancer diagnosis | ||||
| Acute leukemia | 1.00 | |||
| Lymphoma | 1.04 (0.59–1.81) | .90 | ||
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 0.47 (0.23–0.93) | .03 | ||
| Other | 1.21 (0.6–2.42) | .60 | ||
| Conditioning regimen | ||||
| Cyclophosphamide + TBI | 1.00 | |||
| Cyclophosphamide + TBI + etoposide | 1.41 (0.79–2.53) | .24 | ||
| Etoposide + TBI | 1.02 (0.45–2.3) | .97 | ||
| Cyclophosphamide + etoposide | 1.39 (0.6–3.2) | .44 | ||
| Busulfan + cyclophosphamide | 1.54 (0.66–3.59) | .32 | ||
| Others | 0.59 (0.23–1.5) | .27 | ||
| TBI, yes vs no | 0.94 (0.55–1.6) | .81 | ||
| Chronic GvHD at t1 | ||||
| Allogeneic BMT with chronic GvHD vs allogeneic BMT with no chronic GvHD or autologous BMT | 1.43 (0.79–2.57) | .24 | ||
| Pre-BMT therapeutic exposure, yes vs no | ||||
| Vincristine | 1.95 (1.22–3.11) | < .005 | 2.1 (1.3–3.39) | .002 |
| Cytarabine | 1.01 (0.63–1.62) | .98 | ||
| Etoposide | 1.27 (0.69–2.35) | .44 | ||
| Methotrexate | 1.03 (0.59–1.79) | .92 | ||
| Bleomycin | 1.35 (0.72–2.54) | .35 | ||
| Anthracyclines | 1.8 (1.09–2.99) | .02 | ||
| Alkylating agents | 0.96 (0.6–1.55) | .88 | ||
| Cisplatin | 0.76 (0.33–1.77) | .53 | ||
| Radiation | 1.58 (0.88–2.83) | .13 | ||
| Grade 3–4 conditions at t1, yes vs no | 1.24 (0.68–2.25) | .48 | ||
| Frailty at t2 | ||||
| Age at questionnaire, y | ||||
| ≥60 vs <60 | 1.19 (0.63–2.22) | .60 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Other vs non-Hispanic White | 1.02 (0.35–3.01) | .97 | ||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Annual income <$60,000/<college level vs annual income ≥$60,000/≥college level | 1.14 (0.56–2.31) | .72 | ||
| Time between BMT and questionnaire: t2 | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | .71 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Ever smoked vs never smoked | 1.11 (0.58–2.13) | .75 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Men | ||||
| Women | 1.13 (0.61–2.09) | .70 | ||
| Primary cancer diagnosis | ||||
| Acute leukemia | 1.00 | |||
| Lymphoma | 1.0 (0.48–2.08) | 0.99 | ||
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 0.44 (0.17–1.15) | .09 | ||
| Other | 1.05 (0.41–2.68) | .91 | ||
| Conditioning regimen | ||||
| Cyclophosphamide + TBI | ||||
| Cyclophosphamide + TBI + etoposide | 1.06 (0.48–2.36) | .88 | ||
| Etoposide + TBI | 0.84 (0.27–2.62) | .76 | ||
| Cyclophosphamide + etoposide | 1.42 (0.49–4.11) | .52 | ||
| Busulfan + cyclophosphamide | 1.93 (0.75–5.29) | .20 | ||
| Others | 0.38 (0.08–1.69) | .20 | ||
| TBI, yes vs no | 0.81 (0.4–1.64) | .56 | ||
| Chronic GvHD at t1 | ||||
| Allogeneic BMT with no chronic GvHD or autologous BMT | 1.00 | 1.00 | .01 | |
| Allogeneic BMT with chronic GvHD | 2.39 (1.19–4.81) | .01 | 2.58 (1.21–5.5) | |
| Chronic health conditions at t1 | ||||
| Grade ≤2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .04 | |
| Grade 3 or 4 | 2.14 (1.08–4.26) | .03 | 2.1 (1.02–4.33) | |
| Pre-BMT therapeutic exposure, yes vs no | ||||
| Cytarabine | 0.83 (0.43–1.6) | .58 | ||
| Etoposide | 0.86 (0.35–2.13) | .75 | ||
| Methotrexate | 1.04 (0.5–2.19) | .91 | ||
| Bleomycin | 1.45 (0.64–3.28) | .38 | ||
| Anthracyclines | 1.26 (0.65–2.41) | .50 | ||
| Alkylating agents | 1.03 (0.55–1.95) | .92 | ||
| Cisplatin | 0.94 (0.32–2.75) | .90 | ||
| Radiation | 1.89 (0.91–3.94) | .09 | ||
| Vincristine, yes vs no | 2.55 (1.35–4.82) | .004 | 2.79 (1.44–5.43) | .002 |
Abbreviations: BMT, blood or bone marrow transplantation; GvHD, graft-versus-host disease; t1, the time of the baseline questionnaire (a median of 7.3 years after BMT); t2, the time of the follow-up questionnaire (a median of 13.2 years after BMT); TBI, total body irradiation.