Table 3. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality (survivors/non-survivors).
| Univariate OR (95% CI) | P | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Female sex (vs. male) | 0.46 (0.31-0.68) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (0.64-2.27) | 0.568 |
| Age, years* | 1.08 (1.06-1.10) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.07-1.14) | < 0.001 |
| Any comorbidity present (vs. not present) | ||||
| Hypertension | 2.28 (1.58-3.30) | < 0.001 | 0.75 (0.39-1.45) | 0.397 |
| Treatment with ACE-inhibitors | 1.65 (1.11-2.45) | 0.014 | / | / |
| Treatment with angiotensin II receptor antagonists | 1.31 (0.80-2.15) | 0.275 | / | / |
| Diabetes | 1.65 (1.13-2.42) | 0.010 | 1.18 (0.61-2.28) | 0.624 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 2.31 (1.34-3.97) | 0.002 | 1.65 (0.71-3.86) | 0.245 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.76 (1.10-2.81) | 0.017 | 0.32 (0.12-0.84) | 0.020 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2.89 (1.75-4.76) | < 0.001 | 1.72 (0.70-4.21) | 0.238 |
| Symptom duration before hospital presentation (per day) | 0.96 (0.92-1.00) | 0.074 | / | / |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Alanine aminotransferase | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | 0.110 | / | / |
| Albumin | 0.82 (0.78-0.87) | < 0.001 | / | / |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.191 | / | / |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | 0.005 | / | / |
| Bilirubin total | 1.03 (1.01-1.06) | 0.012 | / | / |
| Calcium | 0.02 (0-0.11) | < 0.001 | / | / |
| C-reactive protein | 1.01 (1.01-1.01) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | < 0.001 |
| Creatine kinase | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.030 | / | / |
| Creatinine | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | 0.011 |
| D- dimer | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.001 | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.099 |
| Ferritin | 1.62 (1.17-2.24) | < 0.001 | / | / |
| Gamma-glutamyltransferase | 1.00 (0.99-1.00) | 0.674 | / | / |
| Haemoglobin | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | 0.027 | / | / |
| Lactate dehydrogenase | 1.01 (1.01-1.01) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | < 0.001 |
| Leukocytes | 1.07 (1.03-1.12) | 0.001 | / | / |
| Lymphocytes | 0.06 (0.03-0.12) | < 0.001 | 0.22 (0.09-0.51) | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophils | 1.16 (1.11-1.23) | < 0.001 | / | / |
| Platelets | 0.99 (0.99-0.99) | 0.003 | / | / |
| Potassium | 1.62 (1.17-2.24) | 0.003 | / | / |
| Troponin T | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.264 | / | / |
| *Per unit increase. P values indicate differences between survivors and non-survivors, results where P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. OR - odds ratio. 95%CI - 95% confidence interval. ACE-inhibitors - angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. | ||||