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Tumor-neutrophil interactions. Tumor cells produce growth factors (IL-3, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF) that induce neutrophil production and stimulate their survival. Chemoattractants specific for neutrophils, such as CXCL1, CXCL2 (ligands for CXCR2 on neutrophils), and CXCL8 (via CXCR1 on neutrophils) support their migration to the tumor site.
