Table 1.
Overview of the 37 articles included in this review. All studies except Geijson et al. and Liu et al. [22,23] compared CRC specimens to either adenoma or normal (healthy) specimens.
| Study | Stage | Specimen | Cases & Controls | Platform | Country | Age | % Male | Year | Study Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross et al. | N/A | Serum | CRC: 254, Control: 254 | UHPLC-MS, GCMS | America | Median: 64.3 | 56 | 2014 | [24] |
| Crotti et. al | Stage I: 11, Stage II: 9, Stage III:16, Stage IV:12 | Plasma | CRC: 48, Control: 20 | GC-TOF | Italy | 49–90 CRC, 35–83 Control | 54 | 2016 | [25] |
| Deng et al. | Stage I: 30, Stage II: 50, Stage III: 57, Stage IV: 31 | Urine | Training: CRC: 121, Control: 121; Validation: CRC: 50, Control: 50 | LCMS | Canada | Median Control: 58.9, Median CRC: 66.4 | 55 | 2019 | [26] |
| Di Giovanni et al. | N/A | Serum | CRC: 18, CRC (Remission): 17, Matched Control: 19 and 17 | GCMS | Belgium | 32–90 overall, Mean CRC: 70.3, Mean Control: 63.5 | 24 | 2020 | [27] |
| Farshidfar et al. | 47 Stage I, 60 Stage II, Stage 3: 71, Stage 4: 142 | Serum | Training: CRC: 222, Control: 156; Validation: CRC: 98, Adenoma: 31, Control: 98 | GCMS | Canada | Mean: Control: 61.7, Adenoma: 59.5, stage I: 68.6, 6 stage II: 68.6 stage III: 64.9, stage IV: 63.1 | 61 | 2016 | [28] |
| Geijsen et al. | Stage I: 168, Stage II: 212, Stage III: 290, Stage IV: 74 | Plasma | CRC: 744 | LCMS | Germany | >18 | 65 | 2020 | [22] |
| Gu et al. | N/A | Serum | Training: CRC: 40, Adenoma: 32, Control: 38; Validation: CRC:8, Adenoma: 8, Control: 8 | H-NMR | China | N/A | N/A | 2019 | [29] |
| Gumpenberger et al. | Stage I: 30, Stage II: 17, Stage III: 18, Stage IV: 12, Unspecified: 3, Missing: 8 | Plasma | CRC: 88, High-risk Adenoma: 200, Low-risk Adenoma: 200 | UHPLC-MS | America | Mean CRC: 70 Mean HRA: 65.4, Mean Control: 66.0 | 67 | 2021 | [30] |
| Holowatyj et al. | Stage I: 40, Stage II: 56, Stage III: 74, Stage IV: 44 | Plasma | CRC: 233, Control: 153 | LCMS | America | 18–89 | 59 | 2020 | [31] |
| Jing et al. | Stage I: 10, Stage II: 21, Stage III: 29, Stage IV: 21 | Dried Blood Spot | Training: CRC: 77; Adenoma: 73; Testing: CRC: 8, Adenoma: 8 | Direct Infusion MS | China | 29–79 Adenoma, 22–92 CRC | 58 | 2017 | [32] |
| Kim et al. | Stage I: 7, Stage II: 12, Stage III: 9, Stage IV: 3 | Stool | Training: CRC: 26, Control: 32; Validation: CRC: 6, Control: 8 | GCMS | South Korea | 49–78 Control, 45–80 CRC | 58 | 2020 | [33] |
| Kim et al. | N/A | Stool | CRC: 36, Control: 102, Advanced Adenoma: 102 | UHPLC-MS | America | >50 | 60 | 2020 | [34] |
| Liu et al. | Stage I/II: 20, Stage III/IV: 20 | Plasma | CRC: 40 | UHPLC–MS | China | Mean stage I/II: 58.1, Means stage III/IV: 55.25 | 68 | 2019 | [23] |
| Long et al. | N/A | Serum | Training: CRC: 30, Adenoma: 30, Control: 30; Validation: CRC: 50, Adenoma: 50, Control: 50 | LCMS | America | Mean CRC: 53.97, Mean Adenoma: 51.87, Mean Control: 55.23 | 53 | 2017 | [35] |
| Martín-Blázquez et al. | Stage IV: 65 | Serum | CRC: 65, Control: 60 | LC-HRMS | Spain | Median CRC: 59.9, Median Control: 56.1 | 52 | 2019 | [36] |
| Serafim et al. | Stage I: 4, Stage II: 5, Stage III: 31 | Plasma | CRC: 40, Adenoma: 12, Control: 32 | MALDI-TOF MS | Brazil | Mean Control: 58, Mean Adenoma: 66, Mean CRC: 64 | 66 | 2019 | [37] |
| Shu et al. | N/A | Plasma | CRC: 250, Control: 250 | GC-TOFMS, UPLC-QTOFMS | China | 40–74 | 50 | 2018 | [38] |
| Tan et al. | Stage I: 26, Stage II: 43, Stage III: 26, Stage IV: 6 | Serum | Training: CRC: 62, Control: 62; Validation: CRC: 39, Control: 40 | GC–TOFMS, UPLC–QTOFMS | China | 24–82 | 42 | 2013 | [39] |
| Uchiyama et al. | Stage I: 14, Stage II: 14, Stage III: 14, Stage IV: 14 | Serum | CRC: 56, Adenoma: 59, Control: 60 | CE-TOFMS | Japan | Mean Control: 67.7, Mean Adenoma: 69.9, Mean CRC: 70.4 | 50 | 2017 | [40] |
| Udo et al. | Stage I: 52, Stage II: 67, Stage III: 71, Stage IV: 17 | Urine | Training: CRC: 105, Adenoma: 8, Control: 11; Validation: CRC: 104, Adenoma: 8, Control: 11 | LCMS | Japan | Mean Control: 46.8, Mean Adenoma 63.2, Mean CRC: 68.8 | 58 | 2020 | [41] |
| Wang et al. | Stage I/II: 61, Stage III/IV: 59 | Urine | Training: CRC: 45, Control: 32; Validation: CRC: 10, Control: 8 | 1H-NMR | China | 27–84 Stage I-II, 38–81 Stage III-IV, 28–78 Control | 56 | 2017 | [42] |
| Wang et al. | Stage I: 13, Stage II: 29, Stage III: 27, Stage IV: 4 | Plasma | Training: CRC: 34, Control: 34; Validation: CRC: 39, Control: 39 | LCMS | China | Mean CRC: 59.7, Mean Control: 57.2 | 67 | 2019 | [43] |
| Weir et al. | Stage I:2, Stage II: 3,Stage III: 4 | Stool | CRC: 10, Control: 11 | GCMS | America | 24–85 | 52 | 2013 | [44] |
| Wu et al. | N/A | Serum | Colon Cancer: 22, Rectal Cancer: 23, Control: 45 | GCMS | China | 49–84 | 69 | 2020 | [45] |
| Yachida et al. | Stage I/II: 80, Stage III/IV: 68 | Stool | CRC: 178, Adenoma: 45, Control: 149, Surgery:34 | CE-TOFMS | Japan | Mean Control: 64.11, Mean CRC: 62.04 | 59 | 2019 | [37] |
| Yang et al. | Stage I: 9, Stage II: 13, Stage III: 16, Stage IV: 10 | Stool | CRC: 50, Control: 50 | GCMS | China | N/A | 41 | 2019 | [46] |
| Zhu et al. | Stage I/II: 21, Stage III: 17, Stage IV: 28 | Serum | Training: CRC: 46, Adenoma: 53, Control: 64; Validation: CRC: 20, Adenoma: 23, Control: 28 | LCMS | America | 18–88 | 48 | 2014 | [47] |
| Sinha et al. | N/A | Stool | CRC: 42, Control: 89 | HPLC-GC/MS-MS | Singapore | Mean: 60 overall | 62 | 2016 | [48] |
| Brown et al. | Stage I: 3, Stage II: 3, Stage III: 8, Stage IV: 1 | Stool | CRC: 17, Control: 17 | GC-MS, UPLC-MS | America | Mean: 58.8 overall | 76 | 2016 | [49] |
| Goedert et al. | N/A | Stool | CRC: 48, Control: 102 | HPLC-GC/MS-MS | America | Mean: 62.9 CRC, 58.3 Control | 58.7 | 2014 | [50] |
| Nishiumi et al. | Stage I: 12, Stage II: 12, Stage III: 12, Stage IV: 12 | Serum | Training: CRC: 60, Control: 60; Validation: CRC: 59, Control: 63 | GCMS | Japan | 36–88, Mean: 67.7 | 65 | 2018 | [51] |
| Rachieriu et al. | Stage I: 2, Stage II: 13, Stage 3: 1, Stage IV: 9 | Serum | CRC: 25, Control: 16 | UPLC-QTOF-ESI+MS | Romania | Mean: 65.9 CRC, 54.2 Control | 61 | 2021 | [52] |
| Lin et al. | Stage I/II: 20, Stage III: 25, Stage IV: 23 | Stool | Training: CRC: 54, Control: 26; Validation: CRC: 14, Control: 6 | 1H-NMR | China | N/A | 51 | 2016 | [53] |
| Ning et al. | Stage II: 65, Stage III: 74, Stage IV: 24 | Urine | Training: CRC: 79, Control: 77; Validation: CRC: 76, Control: 30 | GC-TOFMS | China | 46% under 60, 64% over 60 | 62.7 | 2021 | [54] |
| Gao et al. | N/A | Tumor Tissue | CRC: 22, Adenoma: 10 | CE-TOFMS | China | N/A | N/A | 2016 | [55] |
| Cottet et al. | Stage I: 65, Stage II: 69, Stage III: 55, Stage IV: 14 | Adipose Tissue | CRC: 203, Control: 223 | GCMS | France | Mean: CRC: 69.5, Control: 66.8 | 59.7 | 2014 | [56] |
| Song et al. | Stage I: 3, Stage II: 6, Stage III: 14, Stage IV: 3 | Stool | CRC: 26, Adenoma: 27, Control: 28 | GCMS | South Korea | Mean: CRC: 59.7, Adenoma: 53.6, Control: 51.1 | 77.8 | 2018 | [57] |
N/A: Not applicable.