Table 2.
Identified CRC metabolite biomarkers in summarized studies based on their compound class. Metabolite selections were based on the statistical criteria each individual paper set for significance, which listed in the last column. Healthy control vs. CRC data was preferred in studies containing data for both healthy and adenomatous polyp controls.
| Name | Study | Specimen | Metabolite Class | Total | Statistical Threshold | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nucleo-tides | Sterols/Derivates | AA | PA | FA | SL | PL | CHO/Derivatives | Other/Unknowns | |||||
| Cross et al. | [24] | Serum | 1 | 1 | Bonferroni-corrected p value < 0.05 | ||||||||
| Crotti et al. | [25] | Plasma | 4 | 4 | p value < 0.05 | ||||||||
| Deng et al. | [26] | Urine | 1 | 1 | 2 | p value < 0.05 | |||||||
| Di Giovanni et al. | [27] | Serum | 1 | 2 | 3 | p value < 0.1 | |||||||
| Farshidfar et al. | [28] | Serum | 10 | 6 | 8 | 24 | Bonferroni-corrected p value < 0.05 | ||||||
| Geijsen et al. ** | [22] | Plasma | 2 | 2 | 5 | 9 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05 | ||||||
| Gu et al. | [29] | Serum | 13 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 23 | VIP > 1 | |||||
| Gumpenberger et al. | [30] | Plasma | 4 | 2 | 21 | 1 | 13 | 5 | 46 | FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05 | |||
| Holowatyj et al. | [31] | Plasma | 28 | 9 | 75 | 4 | 116 | FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05 | |||||
| Jing et al. * | [32] | Dried Blood Spot | 7 | 11 | 3 | 21 | p value < 0.05 | ||||||
| Kim et al. | [33] | Stool | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 23 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05 | ||
| Kim et al. | [34] | Stool | 5 | 4 | 5 | 14 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.1 | ||||||
| Liu et al. ** | [23] | Plasma | 1 | 7 | 8 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05 | |||||||
| Long et al. | [35] | Serum | 2 | 1 | 3 | p value < 0.05 | |||||||
| Martín-Blázquez et al. | [36] | Serum | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05, VIP > 1 | ||||||
| Serafim et al. | [37] | Plasma | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 | VIP > 1 | ||||||
| Shu et al. | [38] | Plasma | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 9 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05 | ||||
| Tan et al. | [39] | Serum | 4 | 23 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 17 | 66 | p value < 0.05, VIP > 1, | ||
| Uchiyama et al. | [40] | Serum | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | p value < 0.01 | ||||||
| Udo et al. | [41] | Urine | 1 | 5 | 3 | 9 | FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05 | ||||||
| Wang et al. | [42] | Urine | 8 | 7 | 15 | p value < 0.05, VIP > 1, | |||||||
| Wang et al. | [43] | Plasma | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05, VIP > 1 | |||||
| Weir et al. | [44] | Stool | 2 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 20 | p value < 0.05 | ||||
| Wu et al. | [45] | Serum | 5 | 2 | 2 | 9 | p value < 0.05 | ||||||
| Yachida et al. | [37] | Stool | 3 | 2 | 31 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 57 | p value < 0.005 | ||
| Yang et al. | [46] | Stool | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 26 | 53 | p value < 0.05 | ||
| Zhu et al. | [47] | Serum | 1 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 6 | 28 | p value < 0.05, VIP > 1 | ||||
| Sinha et al. | [48] | Stool | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05 | ||||||
| Brown et al. | [49] | Stool | 1 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 24 | p value < 0.05 | |
| Goedert et al. | [50] | Stool | 19 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 38 | FDR-adjusted p value < 0.1 | |||||
| Nishiumi et al. | [51] | Serum | 5 | 1 | 4 | 10 | p value < 0.05 | ||||||
| Rachieriu et al. | [52] | Serum | 8 | 2 | 20 | 2 | 32 | p value < 0.1 | |||||
| Lin et al. | [53] | Stool | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 13 | p value < 0.5, VIP > 1 | |||||
| Ning et al. | [54] | Urine | 5 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 15 | p value < 0.5, VIP > 1 | |||||
| Gao et al. | [55] | Tumor Tissue | 9 | 9 | p value < 0.001 | ||||||||
| Cottet et al. | [56] | Adipose Tissue | 4 | 4 | p value < 0.05 | ||||||||
| Song et al. *** | [57] | Stool | 2 | 2 | p value < 0.05 | ||||||||
* Study compared CRC to adenomatous polyp rather than healthy control. ** Study compared CRC to other CRC patients (stage specific comparison). *** Only significant in male patients. Abbreviations: AA: Amino Acid, PA: Polyamine, FA: Fatty Acid, SL: Sphingolipid, PL: Phospholipid, CHO: Carbohydrate, VIP: Variable Importance in Projection, FDR: False Discovery Rate