Table 4.

Metabolic pathways significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated or downregulated in CRC across multiple studies, as depicted in Figure 4, along with metabolites significantly up or downregulated in each pathway. Analysis was performed by using MetaboAnalyst version 5.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/home.xhtml), developed by the Xia lab, Alberta, Canada, accessed on 8 August 2021.

Pathway	Metabolites Implicated	p Value	Regulation
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis	7	5.07 × 10−8	Upregulated
Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis	2	0.00205	Upregulated
Butanoate Metabolism	2	0.00743	Upregulated
Histidine Metabolism	2	0.00845	Upregulated
Glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis	2	0.0217	Upregulated
Alanine, Aspartate, and glutamine metabolism	2	0.025	Upregulated
Glutathione Metabolism	2	0.025	Upregulated
Porphyrin metabolism	2	0.0285	Upregulated
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism	2	0.0322	Upregulated
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids	2	0.04	Upregulated
Arginine and proline metabolism	2	0.0442	Upregulated
Linoleic acid metabolism	1	0.0444	Upregulated
Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation	2	0.0485	Upregulated
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis	9	2.46 × 10−121	Downregulated
Arginine biosynthesis	4	0.00000198	Downregulated
Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism	4	0.0000382	Downregulated
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis	2	0.000327	Downregulated
Phenylalanine metabolism	2	0.00239	Downregulated
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis	2	0.00873	Downregulated
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism	1	0.0456	Downregulated
Nitrogen metabolism	1	0.0456	Downregulated