Table 1.
Differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs in chronic and acute human leukemias.
| miRNA | Expression | Biomarker | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| let-7e | lower in ALL blast vs. BMC | lower expression associates with poor prognosis in ALL | [40] |
| miR-100 | lower in ALL blast vs. BMC, higher in ALL with t(12;21) vs. other groups | lower expression associates with poor prognosis in ALL | [40,41] |
| miR-125a | higher in CLL patients that develop Richter’s syndome | biomarker for Richter trasformation in CLL | [42] |
| miR-125b-1 | higher in newly diagnosed childhood ALL vs. controls, higher in T-ALL vs. other ALLs | biomarker for ALL | [43] |
| miR-142-3p | lowered by imatinib treatment in CML | biomarker for TKI response in CML | [44] |
| miR-146a | increased by imatinib treatment in CML | biomarker for TKI response in CML | [44] |
| miR-150 | increased by imatinib treatment in CML | biomarker for TKI response in CML, lower expression associates with poor prognosis and staging | [44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51] |
| miR-15a/16-1 | deleted in most CLL cases, lower in AML vs. MDS and controls | driver event in CLL onset, interacts with other chromosomal alterations in CLL prognosis, biomarker for sensitivity to venetoclax | [15,16,17,39,52,53,54,55] |
| miR-15b/16-2 | lower in AML vs. MDS and controls | promotes B cell malignancies, driver event in AML pathogenesis, predicts progression from MDS to AML | [53,54,55] |
| miR-17-92 | overexpressed in AML patients with MLL rearrangements | [56] | |
| miR-181a | lower in ALL with t(12,21) vs. pre-B ALL, higher in exosomes from ALL vs. heathy donors | involved in ALL pathogenesis | [57,58,59,60] |
| miR-181b | drops during CLL progerssion and is lower in relapsed/refractory AML | marker for CLL progression | [53,61] |
| miR-196b | lower in ALL blast vs. BMC | biomarker for ALL | [40] |
| miR-199b-5p | lowered by imatinib treatment in CML | biomarker for TKI response in CML | [44] |
| miR-203 | lower in newly diagnosed childhood ALL vs. controls | biomarker for ALL | [43] |
| miR-221 | higher in DC56+T-ALL | high expression associates with poor prognosis | [62] |
| miR-224 | overexpressed in t(15;17) AMLs | [56] | |
| miR-29a/b | overexpressed in all CLL vs. normal B cells and in idolent vs. aggressive CLL, dysregulated/mutated in AML | marker for CLL staging | [18,63,64,65] |
| miR-34a | lower in refractory CLL and in CLL patients that develop Richter’s syndome, lower in AML with lost C/EBPα | biomarker for Richter trasformation in CLL and resistance development | [42,66,67,68] |
| miR-34b/c | lost in 11q- CLL | targets ZAP70, a prognostic marker in CLL | [69] |
| miR-3676 or ts-53 | downregulated in all CLLs vs. controls and co-deleted with TP53 in 17p CLL | belongs to the tRNA-derived small RNA family (tsRNAs), a new family of cancer biomarkers | [24,26] |
| miR-368 | overexpressed in t(15;17) AMLs | [56] | |
| miR-374 | higher in DC56+T-ALL | [62] | |
| miR-382 | overexpressed in t(15;17) AMLs | [56] | |
| miR-4521 or ts-101 | downregulated in all CLLs vs. controls and co-deleted with TP53 in 17p CLL | belongs to the tRNA-derived small RNA family (tsRNAs), a new family of cancer biomarkers | [24,26] |
| miR-99a | lower expression is associated with poor prognosis and shorter survival in ALL | ALL staging | [41] |