Table 1.
Ingredient composition of experimental diets, as-fed basis.
| Composition (%) | Starter Diet | Grower Diet | Finisher Diet | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | RCP | AD | CD | CON | RCP | AD | CD | CON | RCP | AD | CD | |
| Maize | 11.32 | 12.81 | 11.79 | 12.81 | 5.40 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.40 | 5.00 |
| Barley | 24.63 | 24.63 | 24.63 | 24.63 | 19.80 | 22.70 | 19.80 | 22.00 | 19.80 | 19.80 | 19.80 | 19.80 |
| Wheat | 17.50 | 16.75 | 14.78 | 16.75 | 27.45 | 26.80 | 25.07 | 24.80 | 27.65 | 29.64 | 24.56 | 28.74 |
| Maize feed meal | 5.00 | 4.81 | 5.00 | 4.41 | 4.50 | 4.95 | 4.75 | 4.95 | 4.50 | 4.95 | 4.50 | 4.95 |
| Wheat middlings | 3.39 | 1.01 | 4.21 | 7.00 | 9.90 | 7.00 | 9.90 | 7.00 | 10.00 | 7.00 | 10.00 | |
| Biscuits, ground | 4.93 | 4.38 | 4.93 | 3.94 | 4.30 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 3.50 | 2.80 | 4.50 | 3.00 |
| Wheat gluten feed meal | 7.30 | 6.90 | 7.22 | 6.90 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.90 |
| Vegetable oil | 1.61 | 1.92 | 1.82 | 1.90 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 1.95 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.40 | 1.35 |
| Potato protein | 0.28 | |||||||||||
| Sugar beet pulp | 1.10 | 1.30 | 1.10 | 1.30 | 1.10 | 1.50 | 1.10 | 1.20 | ||||
| Soybean meal HIPRO | 17.29 | 14.87 | 17.77 | 16.04 | 10.10 | 7.90 | 11.00 | 8.30 | 8.50 | 5.00 | 9.00 | 5.00 |
| Soybean hulls | 1.04 | 0.77 | 1.30 | 2.00 | 1.30 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rapeseed meal, fat extract | 4.93 | 4.93 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 4.80 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.10 | ||||
| Sunflower seed meal, fat extract | 1.48 | 0.99 | 1.21 | 4.00 | 2.90 | 3.20 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.60 | |
| Palm kernel flakes | 4.40 | 4.90 | 3.80 | 5.00 | ||||||||
| Whey, concentrated | 0.40 | 3.00 | 0.10 | 2.07 | 1.10 | 3.00 | 1.10 | 2.80 | 1.70 | 3.00 | 1.70 | 1.70 |
| Limestone | 1.14 | 1.11 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.13 | 0.18 | ||
| Salt | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.08 |
| Vitamin extra | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | ||||||||
| Premix 1 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| DL-Methionine | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | |||
| l-Lysine HCL | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.70 | 0.41 | 0.61 | 0.38 | 0.60 | 0.29 | 0.51 | 0.28 | 0.51 |
| l-Threonine | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
| l-Tryptophan | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Valine | 0.29 | 0.30 | ||||||||||
| Benzoic acid | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Calcium formate | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
CON = control diet, RDP = reduced crude protein diet, AD = acidifying diet, CD = combined diet = reduced crude protein + acidifying diet. 1 The vitamin–mineral premix supplied per kg feed included 7000 IU vitamin A, 1700 IU vitamin D3, 20 IU vitamin E, 1.5 mg vitamin K, 1.5 mg vitamin B1, 4 mg vitamin B2, 11 mg d-pantothenic acid, 18 mg niacine, 18 µg vitamin B12, 0.1 mg folium acid, 1.0 mg vitamin B6, 100 mg choline chloride, 75 mg Fe, 10 mg Cu, 65 mg Zn, 30 mg Mn, 0.15 mg Co, 0.75 mg I, 0.30 mg Se.