Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients. Comparison between groups based on the presence of malnutrition according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria or a standardized phase angle <−1.65.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 45) |
No Malnutrition (GLIM Criteria) (n = 27) |
Malnutrition (GLIM Criteria) (n = 18) |
p1 | SPA > −1.65 (n = 26) |
SPA < −1.65 (n = 18) |
p2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (♂/♀) | 62.2/37.8% (28/17) | 51.9/48.1% (14/13) | 77.8/22.2% (14/4) | 0.07 | 50/50% (13/13) | 77.8/22.2% (14/18) | 0.06 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 64.5 (61.4–73) | 64 (58.7–73.8) | 65 (54.8–82.4) | 0.7 | 65 (57–76) | 64 (56–78) | 0.3 |
| Tobacco exposure | 0.9 | 0.5 | |||||
| No | 21.1% (8/38) | 22.7% (5/22) | 18.8% (3/16) | 28.6% (6/21) | 12.5% (2/16) | ||
| Active | 31.1.% (4/38) | 31.8% (7/22) | 43.8% (7/16) | 28.6% (6/21) | 43.8% (7/16) | ||
| Previous exposure | 35.6% (16/38) | 45.5% (10/22) | 37.5% (6/16) | 42.9% (9/21) | 43.8% (7/16) | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | 37.8 (17/45) | 37 (10/27) | 38.9 (7/18) | 0.6 | 38.5 (10/26) | 33.3 (6/18) | 0.8 |
| Diabetes | 20 (9/45) | 18.5 (5/27) | 22.2 (4/14) | 0.5 | 15.4 (4/26) | 22.2 (4/18) | 0.7 |
| Dyslipidemia | 31.1 (14/45) | 29.8 (8/27) | 33.3 (6/18) | 0.5 | 30.8 (8/26) | 27.8 (5/18) | 0.6 |
| Heart disease | 6.7 (3/45) | 3.7 (1/27) | 11.1 (2/18) | 0.4 | 3.8 (1/26) | 11.1 (2/18) | 0.4 |
| Lung disease | 8.9 (4/45) | 7.4 (2/27) | 11.1 (2/18) | 0.5 | 3.8 (1/26 | 16.7 (3/18) | 0.3 |
| Other neoplasms | 11.1% (5/40) | 14.8% (4/23) | 5.6% (1/17) | 15.4% (4/26) | 5.6% (1/16) | ||
| Tumor localization | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||
| Oral cavity | 60% (27/45) | 59.1 (16/27) | 61.1% (11/18) | 61.5% (16/26) | 61.1% (11/18) | ||
| Supraglottic larynx | 13.3% (6/45) | 11.1 (3/27) | 16.7% (3/18) | 7.7% (2/26) | 16.7% (3/18) | ||
| Glottic larynx | 11.1% (5/45) | 18.5 (5/27) | 0 | 19.2% (5/26) | 0 | ||
| Subglottic larynx | 8.9% (4/45) | 3.7 (1/27) | 16.7% (3/18) | 3.8% (1/26) | 16.7% (3/18) | ||
| Neck metastasis from unknown primary | 6.6% (3/45) | 7.4 (2/27) | 5.6% (1/18) | 7.7% (2/26) | 5.6% (1/18) | ||
| Treatment | |||||||
| Surgery | 53.3% (24/45) | 55.6% (15/27) | 50% (9/18) | 0.5 | 53.8% (14/26) | 50% (9/18) | 0.5 |
| Chemotherapy | 55.6% (25/45) | 48.1% (13/27) | 66.7 (12/18) | 0.2 | 46.2% (12/26) | 66.7% (12/18) | 0.2 |
| Radiotherapy | 91.1% (42/45) | 88.9% (24/17) | 94.4 (17/18) | 0.5 | 88.5% (23/26) | 94.4% (17/18) | 0.4 |
| Combination therapies | |||||||
| Surgery and Radiotherapy | 28.9% (13/45) | 29.6% (8/27) | 44.4% (8/18) | 0.5 | 46.2% (12/26) | 44.4% (8/18) | 0.5 |
| Surgery and Chemotherapy | 20% (9/45) | 22.2% (6/27) | 16.7% (3/18) | 0.5 | 19.2% (5/26) | 16.7% (3/18) | 0.6 |
| Chemoradiotherapy | 31.1% (14/45) | 25.9% (7/27) | 50% (9/18) | 0.4 | 42.3% (11/26) | 50% (9/18) | 0.2 |
| Surgery and Chemoradiotherapy | 20% (9/45) | 22.2% (6/27) | 16.7% (3/18) | 0.7 | 19.2 (5/26) | 16.7 (3/18) | 0.5 |
| Histology | 0.5 | 0.3 | |||||
| Epidermoid carcinoma | 86.7 (39/45) | 85.3 (23/27) | 88.9 (16/18) | 80.8 (21/26) | 94.4 (17/18) | ||
| Cystic adenoma | 2.2 (1/45) | 3.1 (1/27) | 0 | 3.8 (1/26) | 0 | ||
| Lymphoepithelioma | 2.2 (1/45) | 0 | 5.6 (1/18) | 0 | 5.6 (1/18) | ||
| Polymorphic adenocarcinoma | 4.4 (2/45) | 3.1 (1/27) | 5.6 (1/18) | 7.7 (2/26) | 0 | ||
| Others | 4.4 (2/45) | 7.4 (2/27) | 0 | 7.7 (2/26) | 0 | ||
| Cancer stage | 0.2 | 0.05 | |||||
| I | 13.3 (6/45) | 23.1 (6/26) | 0 | 24 (6/26) | 0 | ||
| II | 6.7 (3/45) | 7.7 (2/26) | 5.9 (1/17) | 12 (3/26) | 0 | ||
| III | 15.6 (7/45) | 15.4 (4/26) | 17.6 (3/17) | 12 (3/26) | 23.5 (4/17) | ||
| IV | 60 (27/45) | 53.8 (14/26) | 76.5 (13/17) | 52 (13/26) | 76.5 (13/17) | ||
| Symptoms | |||||||
| Weight loss (3 months) | 44.4% (20/45) | 37% (10/27) | 55.6% (10/18) | 0.2 | 34.9% (9/26) | 55.6% (10/18) | 0.1 |
| Weight loss kg (3 months) | 4 (2.6–5.6) | 5 (2.3–7.4) | 3 (1.6–4.8) | 0.5 | 5 (1.8–8.1) | 3.5 (2–4.5) | 0.9 |
| Weight loss (6 months) | 46.7% (21/45) | 44.4% (12/27) | 50% (9/18) | 0.5 | 42.3% (11/26) | 55.6% (10/18) | 0.3 |
| Weight loss kg (6 months) | 3.5 (2.5–7.2) | 3 (1–6.7) | 4 (0.6–11.2) | 0.8 | 3.5 (0.8–7.5) | 3.5 (0.9–10) | 0.5 |
| Abdominal pain | 4.4% (2/45) | 7.4% (2/27) | 0 | 0.2 | 3.8% (1/26) | 5.6% (1/18) | 0.7 |
| Nauseas/vomits | 11.1% (5/45) | 11.1% (3/27) | 11.1% (2/18) | 0.7 | 15.4% (4/26) | 5.6% (1/18) | 0.3 |
| Diarrhea | 4.4% (2/45) | 7.4% (2/27) | 0 | 0.4 | 7.7% (2/26) | 0 | 0.3 |
| Dyspnea | 13.3% (6/45) | 14.8% (4/27) | 11.1% (2/18) | 0.6 | 11.5% (3/26) | 16.7% (3/18) | 0.3 |
| Dermatitis | 28.9% (13/45) | 29.6% (8/27) | 27.8% (5/18) | 0.5 | 26.9% (7/26) | 27.8% (5/18) | 0.5 |
| Dysphagia | 66.7% (30/45) | 55.6% (15/27) | 83.3% (15/18) | 0.05 | 57.7%(15/26) | 77.8% (14/18) | 0.2 |
| Mucositis | 40% (18/45) | 40.7% (11/27) | 38.9% (7/18) | 0.6 | 42.3% (11/26) | 33.3% (6/18) | 0.4 |
| Asthenia | 73.3% (33/45) | 77.8% (21/27) | 66.7% (12/18) | 0.3 | 76.9% (20/26) | 66.7% (12/18) | 0.3 |
| Quality of life | |||||||
| KI | 0 (0.05–2) | 0 (−0.2–0.5) | 2 (0.1–4.7) | 0.06 | 0 (0–0) | 2 (0.3–4) | 0.02 |
| Self-rated health score | 70 (54–78) | 70 (58–78) | 50 (27–98) | 0.3 | 70 (56–80) | 60 (37–91) | 0.4 |
KI: Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; p1 refers to the comparison between non-malnutrition and malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria; p2 refers to the comparison between standardized phase angle < and >−1.65. Self-rated health score is a score between 1–100 that assesses the perceived quality of life of each patient using a visual analogue score.