Table 2.

GPCR and melanoma.

Gene Cyto.loc	Receptor Name	Signaling	Animal Model	Melanomagenesis	Function(s)	References
EDNRB 13q22.3	Endothelin B	Gαq	Mitf-cre/+; Rosa-fs-GNAQQ209L/+; EdnrbF/F	initiation progression	Proliferation Invasion DNA repair	[21] [22]
MC1R 16q24.3	Melanocortin 1	Gαs	Tyr::CreERT2/°; BrafV600E; MC1Re/e	initiation	Proliferation DNA repair	[23] [24]
FZD7 2q33.1	Frizzled 7	β-catenin	Xen., A375P, WM1361 shRNA-FZD7	progression	Proliferation	[25] [26]
GPER1 7p22.3	G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor	Gαs	Xen., NHEM with BRAFV600E; p53R248W; CDK4R24C; hTERT	initiation	Differentiation	[27]
GRM1 6q24.3	Glutamate receptor metabotropic 1	Gαq	Dct::Grm1	initiation progression	Proliferation Invasion	[12] [28]
GRM3 7q21.11/12	Glutamate receptor metabotropic 3	Gαq	Xen., A375 GRM3 S610L, E767K, or E870K;	initiation progression	Proliferation Migration	[29]
GRM5 11q14.2/3	Glutamate receptor metabotropic 5	Gαq	Tyrp1::Grm5	initiation progression	Proliferation Invasion	[30]
PAR1/F2R 5q13.3	Coagulation factor II Thrombin	Gαq	Xen. A375 shRNA-PAR1	progression:	Proliferation	[31]
CXCR4 2q22.1	CXC motif chemokine 4	Gαi/0	Allograft B16 Ectopic expression Blocking peptide T22	progression	Attraction Growth	[32] [33]
CCR7 17q21.2	CC motif chemokine 7	Gαi/0	Allograft B16 Ectopic expression Neutral. anti-CCL21 ab	progression	Attraction Growth	[34]
CCR10 17q21.2	CC motif chemokine 10	Gαi/0	Allograft B16 Ectopic expression	progression	Immune invasion Apop. resistance	[35]

GPCRs involved in melanoma from transgenic mice model or cell grafting or injection. The main associated signaling pathway is indicated as well as the cellular processes induced by the receptor activation. The reference is indicated in brackets in the last column. Cyto.loc. = cytogenic location, ab = Antibody, Xen. = Xenograft, Neutral. = Neutralizing, Apop. = Apoptosis.