Schematic overview of steps performed in the study. (a) Rats were injected with a dose of 5 × 105 or 1 × 106 C6 cells intracerebrally by a stereotaxic technique. (b) Sources of therapeutic materials tested were: Cells, CM with yCD::UPRT-MSC-exosomes, and yCD::UPRT-UC-MSC-exos/5-FC conjugate from the umbilical cord, dental pulp, and adipose tissue MSCs, stably transduced with yCD::UPRT gene. (c) The course of growth/inhibition was monitored and evaluated by the IncuCyte system. (d) Therapeutic efficacy and targeting assessment of different forms of therapeutic materials applied i.n., i.p., or s.c. in rats intracerebrally bearing C6 glioblastoma (e) Scheme of treatment. (f) Evaluation of therapeutic outcomes by MRI and final histopathology (g) Survival of treated animals evaluated in Kaplan–Meir survival curves.