Table 2.

Description of qualitative scoring system used in Trial 1 (litter score, gait score, and footpad score) and Trial 2 (footpad score).

Score	Score/Definition (Welfare Quality, 2009)
	Litter Score	Gait Score	Footpad Score
0	----	The bird walks normally, with no detectable abnormality	No external signs of footpad dermatitis. The skin of the footpad feels soft to the touch and no swelling or necrosis is evident
1	No concretions, litter dry and loose	Slight defect, unduly large strides, slightly uneven gait	The pad feels harder than a non-affected foot. The central part of the pad is raised, reticulate scales are separated, and small black necrotic areas may be present
2	Few and small, discrete concretions, rest of the litter as for score 1	Definite defect in gait but does not hinder the bird from competing for resources (e.g., sufficiently lame on one leg)	Marked swelling of the footpad. Reticulate scales are black, forming scale shaped necrotic areas. The scales around the outside of the black areas may have turned white. The area of necrosis is <1 quarter of the total area of the footpad
3	Cohesive concretions around the drinker and feeder	Obvious gait defect which affects the ability to move about (e.g., limp, jerky, unsteady strut, severe splaying of one leg)	Swelling is evident and the total footpad size is enlarged. Reticulate scales increased in number and separated from each other. The amount of necrosis extends to one half of the footpad
4	Cohesive and compact concretions around the drinker and feeder	Severe gait defect. Still capable of walking when driven or motivated. Squats down at the first opportunity	As for score 3, but with more than half the footpad covered by necrotic cells
5	Cohesive and compact concretions in more than half of the pen	Incapable of sustained walking on its feet. May be able to stand, moving with assistance of the wings or by crawling on the shanks	----