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. 2022 Jan 30;14(3):729. doi: 10.3390/cancers14030729

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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miRNA biogenesis. Following the creation of a pri-miRNA transcript, a complex that contains an RNA-binding protein (DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region 8 (DGCR8)) and the ribonuclease III enzyme, Drosha, is formed [44]. Pre-miRNAs are formed upon the cleavage of pri-miRNA by Drosha [44]. This process takes place in the nucleus. Following exportation to the cytoplasm by exportin 5 (XPO5), Dicer, another ribonuclease III enzyme, processes the pre-miRNA into its mature form [45]. miRNAs are further processed by the Argonaute (AGO) family of proteins to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) [45]. Finally, unwinding of the miRNA duplex takes place, enabling the binding of the miRNA to its target mRNA with consequent degradation or transcriptional repression [44,45].