TABLE 1.

Clinical and traditional imaging characteristics of patients included in the study.

Characteristics	All subjects (n = 142)	Training set (n = 100)	Test set (n = 42)	p-value
Clinical
Age (years), mean ± SD	58.72 ± 11.74	58.28 ± 10.86	59.76 ± 13.69	0.535
Gender, n (%)				0.870
Male	86 (60.56)	61 (61)	25 (59.52)
Female	56 (39.44)	39 (39)	17 (40.48)
KPS, median (range)	80 (40–100)	80 (40–100)	80 (40–100)
Treatment, n (%)				0.802
Standard	120 (84.51)	85 (85)	35 (83.33)
Non-standard	22 (15.49)	15 (15)	7 (16.67)
Traditional imaging
Location, n (%)				0.061
Frontal	61 (42.96)	45 (45)	16 (38.10)
Temporal	39 (27.46)	27 (27)	12 (28.57)
Parietal	23 (16.20)	11 (11)	12 (28.57)
Occipital	5 (3.52)	5 (5)	0 (0)
Others	14 (9.86)	12 (12)	2 (4.76)
Number, n (%)				0.741
Single	109 (76.76)	76 (76)	33 (78.57)
Multiple	33 (23.24)	24 (24)	9 (21.43)
Tumor crossing the midline, n (%)				0.582
Yes	17 (11.97)	11 (11)	6 (14.29)
No	125 (88.03)	89 (89)	36 (85.71)
Maximum tumor diameter, mean ± SD	48.67 ± 16.33	49.77 ± 16.79	46.08 ± 15.05	0.202
Maximum edema diameter, mean ± SD	18.46 ± 10.55	18.99 ± 10.24	17.19 ± 10.28	0.377
PTE, n (%)				0.465
Minor, <1cm	38 (26.76)	25 (25)	13 (30.95)
Major, ≥1cm	104 (73.24)	75 (75)	29 (69.05)
Edema shape, n (%)				0.513
Rounded	65 (45.77)	44 (44)	21 (50.00)
Irregular	77 (54.23)	56 (56)	21 (50.00)
Edema diameter/tumor diameter, mean ± SD	0.43 ± 0.33	0.44 ± 0.36	0.39 ± 0.24	0.274
Necrosis, n (%)				0.744
No	14 (9.86)	9 (9)	5 (11.90)
Mild	61 (42.96)	42 (42)	19 (45.24)
Severe	67 (47.18)	49 (49)	18 (42.86)
Cyst, n (%)				0.700
No	83 (58.45)	57 (57)	26 (61.90)
Small	30 (21.13)	23 (23)	7 (16.67)
Large	29 (20.42)	20 (20)	9 (21.43)
Enhancement, n (%)				0.815
Not marked	63 (44.37)	45 (45)	18 (42.86)
Marked	79 (55.63)	55 (55)	24 (57.14)
OS, median (range)	306 (17–1,185)	296 (23–1,185)	322 (17–1,143)

OS, overall survival.