Figure 4.

Effect of treatment with TAT-GILZ in the course of pneumococcal pneumonia. BALB/c mice were infected with S. pneumoniae (1 × 10⁵ CFU, i.n.) and then treated with TAT (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) or TAT-GILZ (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) 12 h p.i. Mice were euthanized 24 h p.i. (schematic protocol in (A)). Quantification of the number of total leukocytes (B), neutrophils (C), and macrophages (D) in BAL. Measurements of cytokines TNF-α (E), IL-6 (F) and the chemokines CXCL-1 (G) and CXCL-2 (H) were performed by ELISA in BAL fluid. Graph (I) shows the percentage of efferocytosis (macrophage that had ingested apoptotic cells). Bacterial counts in BALF (J) and blood (K) were also evaluated. The Mock group (uninfected) received salina and vehicle group received DMSO 0.6%. Data are mean ± SEM of N = 5–6 animals per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 or **** p < 0.0001 when compared to the mock group (saline instilled); or as indicated by ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001 or ^#### p < 0.0001 when comparing TAT-GILZ-treated pneumococcal pneumonia to vehicle or TAT groups, by 1-way ANOVA.