Figure 8.

Proresolving effects of the TAT-GILZ treatment in pulmonary infection and inflammation. During severe pneumococcal infection (left panel), alveolar macrophages (1) recognize and sign bacteria through substantial release of pro-inflammatory mediators (2) that activate the endothelium and increase the recruitment of leukocytes (3) to the lungs. The persistent and excessive inflammation leads to significant lung damage (4). TAT-GILZ treatment (right panel), controls excessive inflammation by increasing bacterial clearance (1) (through phagocytosis of pneumococcus), decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (2) and reducing the accumulation of leukocytes (3). TAT-GILZ also increased efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils and (4) protected the pulmonary epithelium from the inflammatory bystander damage (5). Overall TAT-GILZ enhanced resolution of infection and inflammation during pneumococcal pneumonia.