Table 1.
Analytical data of pistachio kernel lipids (mean ± SD, n = 3) treated by an SDBD plasma generating device.
| Parameter | C 1 | O3 | O3(+) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peroxide value [mEq O2/kg oil] | 3.36 ± 0.69 | 3.00 ± 0.42 | 4.22 ± 0.78 |
| TBARS [mg TEP/g oil] | 0.072 ± 0.004 b | 0.600 ± 0.037 a | 0.109 ± 0.007 b |
| Total FAMEs composition [%] 2 | |||
| C14:0 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.05 |
| C16:0 | 9.68 ± 0.51 | 11.17 ± 0.74 | 9.86 ± 0.59 |
| C16:1 | 0.73 ± 0.07 b | 1.07 ± 0.14 a | 0.90 ± 0.14 ab |
| C17:0 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.54 | 0.05 ± 0.02 |
| C18:1Δ9 | 52.21 ± 1.50 | 50.70 ± 1.52 | 50.03 ± 1.99 |
| C18:1Δ11 | 2.03 ± 0.18 | 2.08 ± 0.19 | 1.68 ± 0.17 |
| C18:2Δ9,12 | 34.07 ± 1.88 | 33.19 ± 2.64 | 36.66 ± 0.73 |
| C18:3Δ9,12,15 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.07 | 0.61 ± 0.07 |
| C20:0 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.06 | 0.06 ± 0.03 |
| C20:1Δ11 | 0.38 ± 0.01 | 0.46 ± 0.13 | 0.37 ± 0.01 |
| C21:0 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.03 |
| C20:2Δ11,14 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| Unsaponifiable matter components | |||
| cholesterol [mg/100 g oil] | 6.1 ± 0.0 a (2.0 ± 0.3) |
3.2 ± 0.4 b (1.1 ± 0.2) |
5.6 ± 0.2 a (1.8 ± 0.3) |
| campesterol [mg/100 g oil] | 14.1 ± 1.5 (4.5 ± 0.1) 3 |
15.7 ± 2.2 (5.2 ± 0.6) |
14.3 ± 1.9 (4.6 ± 0.2) |
| stigmasterol [mg/100 g oil] | 3.0 ± 0.6 (1.0 ± 0.1) |
3.6 ± 0.2 (1.2 ± 0.1) |
3.2 ± 0.6 (1.0 ± 0.0) |
| β-sitosterol [mg/100 g oil] | 266.0 ± 33.6 (85.8 ± 0.1) |
259.5 ± 18.8 (85.6 ± 0.8) |
269.1 ± 50.3 (86.5 ± 0.9) |
| Δ5-avenasterol [mg/100 g oil] | 20.9 ± 4.0 (6.7 ± 0.4) |
20.8 ± 1.6 (6.9 ± 0.8) |
18.8 ± 2.0 (6.1 ± 0.4) |
| Total 4-desmethylsterols [mg/100 g oil] | 310.2 ± 39.7 | 302.9 ± 19.3 | 310.9 ± 55.1 |
| cycloartenol [mg/100 g oil] | 8.9 ± 0.2 | 8.4 ± 0.8 | 8.6 ± 1.9 |
| 24-methylenecycloartanol [mg/100 g oil] | 9.5 ± 1.3 | 11.1 ± 0.7 | 9.6 ± 2.2 |
| Total triterpenols [mg/100 g oil] | 18.4 ± 1.1 | 19.5 ± 1.4 | 18.1 ± 4.1 |
| citrostadienol [mg/100 g oil] | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 7.9 ± 2.4 |
| γ-tocopherol [mg/100 g oil] | 32.3 ± 3.0 b | 35.6 ± 7.9 ab | 50.0 ± 6.8 a |
| POPs [μg/g oil] | 14.47 ± 3.72 | 14.43 ± 5.32 | 17.20 ± 5.54 |
1 Column heads are: C = control (untreated samples), O3 = samples treated using 10% DC (ozone level 300 ppm); O3 (+) = samples treated using 100% DC (ozone level 800 ppm). Values in a row with different letters are significantly different (Tukey test, p < 0.05). 2 Cm:n Δx, m = number of carbon atoms; n, number of double bonds; x, position of double bonds. 3 Percentage of total 4-desmethylsterols.