Table 1.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced adverse events in studies of HNSCC patients.
| ICIs | First Author | Any Event | Dermatological | Endorine | Gastro-Intestinal | Hepatic | Pulmonary | General | Oral | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Ref.] | AG (%) | G3 ≤(%) | AG (%) | G3 ≤(%) | AG (%) | G3 ≤(%) | AG (%) | G3 ≤(%) | AG (%) | G3 ≤(%) | AG (%) | G3 ≤(%) | AG (%) | G3 ≤(%) | AG (%) | G3 ≤(%) | |
| Nivolu mab |
Ferris | 139 (58.9) | 31 (13.1) | 42 (18.0) | 0 | 61 (25.8) | 0 | 37 (15.7) | 5 (2.1) | 5 (2.1) | 1 (0.4) | ||||||
| [17] n = 236 |
Rash | Nausea | Fatigue | Fatigue | Stomatitis | ||||||||||||
| Pruritus | Appetite decrease | Asthenia | Stomati tis |
||||||||||||||
| Dry skin | Diarrhea | ||||||||||||||||
| Alopecia | Vomiting | ||||||||||||||||
| Kiyota | 16 (69.6) | 2 (8.7) | 8 (34.8) | 0 | 8 (34.8) | 0 | 4 (17.4) | 0 | 1 (4.3) | 0 | |||||||
| [82] n = 23 |
Rash | Nausea | Fatigue | Stomatitis | |||||||||||||
| Pruritus | Appetite decrease | ||||||||||||||||
| Alopecia | Diarrhea | ||||||||||||||||
| Okamoto | 30 (30) | NR | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 17 (17) | 0 | 2 (2) | 1 (0.4) | 4 (4) | 2 (2) | 11 (11) | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 0 | |||
| [84] n=100 | Dermatitis | Hypo thyroidism |
Gastro- intestinal |
Liver | Liver | Interstitial | Interstitial | Weight loss | |||||||||
| Dermatitis | Hyper thyroidism |
Hemorrhage | Hemorrhage | Dysfunc tion |
Dysfunc tion |
lung | lung | ||||||||||
| Adrenal insufficiency | Diarrhea | disease | disease | ||||||||||||||
| Matsuo | 53 (49.1) | 11 (10.2) | 11 (20.8) | 1 (1.9) | 14 (26.4) | 2 (3.8) | 8 (15.1) | 0 | 6 (11.4) | 3 (5.7) | 4 (7.6) | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | 0 | |||
| [22] n = 108 |
Rash/ | Rash/ | Hypo thyroidism |
Diarrhea | Elevated hepatic | Elevated hepatic |
Pneumonia | Pneumonia | Fever | ||||||||
| Pruritus | Pruritus | Hypophysitis | Hypophysis | Nausea | enzymes | enzymes | |||||||||||
| Hyper glycemia |
Hyper glycemia |
Cholangitis | |||||||||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Bauml | 109 (63.7) | 26 (15.2) | 21 (12.3) | 1 (0.6) | 16 (9.3) | 0 | 30 (17.5) | 1 (0.6) | 27 (15.8) | 6 (3.5) | 11 (6.4) | 2 (1.2) | 30 (17.5) | 1 (0.6) | ||
| [19] n = 171 |
Rash | Rash | Hypo thyroidism |
Nausea | AST increase | AST increase | Pneumoni tis |
Pneumonia | Fatigue | Fatigue | |||||||
| Pruritus | Diarrhea | Diarrhea | ALT increase | ALT increase | Cough | ||||||||||||
| Appetite decrease | Bilirubin increase | Bilirubin increase | |||||||||||||||
| ALP increase | ALP increase | ||||||||||||||||
| Mehra | 123 (64) | 24 (12.5) | 47 (24.5) | NR | 23 (12) | 2 (1) | 36 (18.8) | 2 (1) | 11 (5.7) | 6 (3.1) | 5 (2.6) | 2 (1) | 63 (32.8) | 2 (1) | 4 (2.1) | NR | |
| [83] n = 192 |
Rash | Hypo thyroidism |
Hypo thyroidism |
Appetite decrease | Appetite decrease |
AST increase | AST increase | Pneumoni tis |
Penumonia | Fatigue | Fatigue | Stomatitis | |||||
| Pruritus | TSH level | Nausea | ALT increase | ALT increase | Pyrexia | ||||||||||||
| Dry skin | increase | Diarrhea Vomiting | Weight loss | ||||||||||||||
| Burtness | 164 (54.7) | NR | 96 (32) | 10 (3.3) | 65 (21.7) | 5 (1.7) | 206 (68.7) | 26 (8.7) | 139 (44.7) | 34 (11.3) | 162 (54) | 22 (7.3) | 9 (3) | 0 | |||
| [21] n-300 |
Rash | Rash | Hypo thyroidism |
NR | Constipation | Constipation | Cough | NR | Fatigue | Fatigue | Stomatitis | ||||||
| Derma titis |
Diarrhea | Diarrhea | Asthenia | Asthenia | |||||||||||||
| acneiform | Vomiting | Vomiting | Pyrexia | Pyrexia | |||||||||||||
| Appetite decrease | |||||||||||||||||
| Durvalu mab |
Siu | 42 (63.1) | 8 (12.3) | 6 (9.2) | 0 | 7 (10.8) | 0 | 11 (16.9) | 0 | 17 (26.2) | 2 (3.1) | ||||||
| [46] n = 65 |
Rash | Diarrhea | Fatigue | Fatigue | |||||||||||||
| Pruritus | Appetite decrease | Asthenia | |||||||||||||||
| Nausea Vomiting | |||||||||||||||||
| Tremelimumab | Siu | 36 (55.4) | 11 (16.9) | 8 (12.3) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 23 (35.4) | 3 (4.6) | 12 (18.5) | 1 (1.5) | ||||||
| [46] n = 65 |
Rash | Hypo thyroidism |
Diarrhea | Diarrhea | Fatigue | Fatigue | |||||||||||
| Pruritus | Appetite decrease | Asthenia | |||||||||||||||
| Nausea Vomiting | Pyrexia | ||||||||||||||||
| Durvalu mab |
Siu | 77 (57.9) | 21 (15.8) | 14 (10.5) | 0 | 11 (8.3) | 0 | 39 (29.3) | 4 (3.0) | 27 (20.3) | 4 (3.0) | ||||||
| [46] n = 133 |
Rash | Hypo thyroidism |
Appetite decrease | Asthenia | Asthenia | ||||||||||||
| Tremelimumab | Pruritus | Nausea Vomiting | Fatigue | Fatigue | |||||||||||||
| Diarrhea | Diarrhea | Pyrexia | |||||||||||||||
ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; AG, any grade; G, grade; NR, not reported.