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. 2022 Jan 27;11(3):444. doi: 10.3390/cells11030444

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Immunohistochemical positivity for the 4-HNE protein adducts in the vital organs (except the lungs, presented by other figures) of the deceased COVID-19 patient. Photo (A) shows very strong immunohistochemical positivity for 4-HNE in neurons (arrows) within the edematous brain tissue (DAB, 400×). Photo (B) shows a pronounced intensity (but weaker than that in neurons) of 4-HNE positivity in liver cells (DAB, 200×). Photo (C) shows moderate to strong 4-HNE positivity in myocardial muscle fibers affected by myocarditis (asterisks), with strong 4-HNE positivity in myocardial vasculature (arrows) and some inflammatory cells (arrowhead), (DAB, 200×). Photo (D) shows the weakest intensity of 4-HNE immunopositivity in the epithelium of the renal tubules (arrows) (DAB, 200×).