Table 3.
Valued leisure activities and the frequency of participation by socio-demographic characteristics.
| Type of Valued Leisure Activity | Level of Engagement (Frequency) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Home-Based Offline Activities | Screen-Based Digital/Online Activities | Physical/ Outdoor Activities |
|||
| Continuous variables | M (SD) 1 | M (SD) 1 | M (SD) 1 |
F-value (p-value) Eta (η) 2 |
r (p-Value) | |
| Age | 47.0 (16.3) ab | 43.8 (16.2) b | 49.7 (15.3) a | 4.78 (0.009), 0.14 | 0.33 (0.462) | |
| Subjective financial condition | 3.36 (1.06) | 3.28 (1.16) | 3.38 (1.10) | 2.29 (0.102) | 0.01 (0.760) | |
| Categorical variables | n (row %) | n (row %) | n (row %) |
χ2 value (p-value) Cramer’s V2 |
M (SD) |
F-value (p-value) Eta (η)2 |
| Gender |
17.54 (<0.001),
0.19 |
3.63 (0.057) | ||||
| Female | 134 (52.5) | 64 (25.1) | 57 (22.4) | 3.6 (1.5) | ||
| Male | 83 (34.6) | 94 (39.2) | 63 (26.3) | 3.9 (1.4) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 3.02 (0.554) | 0.01 (0.986) | ||||
| White | 156 (42.3) | 123 (33.3) | 90 (24.4) | 3.7 (1.5) | ||
| Asian | 16 (40.0) | 10 (25.0) | 14 (35.0) | 3.8 (1.4) | ||
| Black/African American | 32 (45.7) | 23 (32.9) | 15 (21.4) | 3.7 (1.4) | ||
| Education attainment |
19.38 (0.004),
0.14 |
0.89 (0.447) | ||||
| High school or less | 17 (33.3) | 23 (45.1) | 11 (21.6) | 4.0 (1.3) | ||
| Some college/associate | 65 (39.4) | 67 (40.6) | 33 (20.0) | 3.7 (1.5) | ||
| College | 80 (43.7) | 50 (27.3) | 53 (29.0) | 3.7 (1.5) | ||
| Post-graduate | 55 (53.9) | 21 (20.6) | 26 (25.5) | 3.6 (1.4) | ||
| Work status | 10.56 (0.103) | 2.13 (0.095) | ||||
| Work from home | 96 (44.9) | 63 (29.4) | 55 (25.7) | 3.6 (1.5) | ||
| Work outside home: high-risk positions | 19 (52.8) | 8 (22.2) | 9 (25.0) | 3.6 (1.3) | ||
| Work outside home: non-high-risk positions | 23 (41.1) | 15 (26.8) | 18 (32.1) | 3.6 (1.5) | ||
| Unemployed/furloughed | 68 (38.6) | 72 (40.9) | 36 (20.5) | 3.9 (1.4) | ||
| Household income |
14.10 (0.029),
0.12 |
0.95 (0.417) | ||||
| <$29,999 | 55 (45.5) | 48 (39.7) | 18 (14.9) | 3.8 (1.4) | ||
| $30,00 to $69,999 | 91 (46.2) | 59 (29.9) | 47 (23.9) | 3.8 (1.4) | ||
| $70,000 to $99,999 | 35 (38.0) | 30 (32.6) | 27 (29.3) | 3.6 (1.6) | ||
| $100,000 or above | 34 (38.2) | 24 (27.0) | 31 (34.8) | 3.6 (1.6) | ||
| Living area | 6.54 (0.162) | 0.86 (0.425) | ||||
| Rural/small town (<5000 population) | 37 (35.2) | 39 (37.1) | 29 (27.6) | 3.9 (1.3) | ||
| Small city (5000–50,000) | 70 (51.1) | 40 (29.4) | 27 (19.7) | 3.7 (1.4) | ||
| Medium/large city (>50,000 population) | 110 (42.6) | 82 (31.8) | 66 (25.6) | 3.7 (1.5) | ||
| Marital status | 5.99 (0.200) | 1.43 (0.241) | ||||
| Married | 88 (39.5) | 70 (31.4) | 65 29.1) | 3.7 (1.4) | ||
| Never married | 94 (46.5) | 69 (34.2) | 39 (19.3) | 3.8 (1.4) | ||
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 34 (45.9) | 22 (29.7) | 18 (24.3) | 3.5 (1.5) | ||
| Parenting | 1.24 (0.538) |
4.79 (0.029),
0.10 |
||||
| No | 137 (41.1) | 100 (31.8) | 70 (27.1) | 3.8 (1.4) | ||
| Yes | 79 (44.6) | 61 (32.6) | 52 (22.8) | 3.5 (1.4) | ||
1 Means with different letter superscripts in the same row are significant at p < 0.05 based on Scheffe post-hoc tests for equal variances. 2 Effect size was calculated only if significant group differences existed (in bold).