Table 4.
Perceived Stress Model | Depressive Symptom Model | Mental Wellbeing Model | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | β | ∆Rj2 | B | SE | β | ∆Rj2 | B | SE | β | ∆Rj2 | |
Leisure engagement | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.08 | |||||||||
Frequency | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.02 | |||
Digital/online (Home-based non-digital = ref.) | −0.34 | 0.46 | −0.03 | −0.09 | 0.16 | −0.02 | −0.18 | 0.48 | −0.01 | |||
PA/outdoor (Home-based non-digital = ref.) | −0.35 | 0.51 | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.17 | −0.01 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.03 | |||
Much less than pre-COVID (About same = ref.) | 0.96 | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.61* | 0.25 | 0.12* | −0.89 | 0.77 | −0.05 | |||
Much more than pre-COVID (About same = ref.) | 0.21 * | 0.1 | 0.09 * | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.07 | −0.06 | 0.10 | −0.02 | |||
Much less than ideal (About ideal = ref.) | 1.19 | 0.68 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.05 | −2.32 ** | 0.71 | −0.16 ** | |||
A little less than ideal (About ideal = ref.) | 0.56 | 0.51 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.03 | −1.03 | 0.54 | −0.07 | |||
COVID risk & protective factors | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.08 | |||||||||
General risk of infection | 0.39 * | 0.16 | 0.10 * | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | −0.40 * | 0.17 | −0.09 * | |||
Safe health behavior | −0.29 | 0.25 | −0.05 | −0.06 | 0.09 | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.01 | |||
Future outlook | 0.31 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.01 | |||
Positive beliefs about preventative measures | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.04 | −0.05 | 0.23 | −0.01 | |||
Negative beliefs about preventative measures | 1.00 *** | 0.16 | 0.25 *** | 0.28 *** | 0.06 | 0.21 *** | −0.65 *** | 0.17 | −0.13 *** | |||
Socio-demographics & COVID background | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.08 | |||||||||
Age | −0.13 *** | 0.02 | −0.44 *** | −0.03 *** | 0.01 | −0.33 *** | 0.08 *** | 0.02 | 0.21 *** | |||
Female (male = ref.) | 0.46 | 0.4 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.05 | −1.42 ** | 0.42 | −0.12 ** | |||
Subjective financial condition | −0.45 * | 0.19 | −0.10* | −0.12 | 0.06 | −0.08 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.00 | |||
Parenting (not parenting = ref.) | 0.70 | 0.44 | 0.07 | −0.15 | 0.15 | −0.04 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 0.02 | |||
Never married (married = ref.) | −0.67 | 0.56 | −0.07 | −0.44 * | 0.19 | −0.13 * | 1.61 ** | 0.59 | 0.13 ** | |||
Divorced/Separated/widowed (married = ref.) | −0.63 | 0.57 | −0.05 | −0.11 | 0.19 | −0.02 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.04 | |||
Infected (not infected = ref.) | 1.09 | 0.59 | 0.07 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.06 | −0.66 | 0.62 | −0.04 | |||
Pre-existing condition (no = ref.) | 0.56 | 0.47 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.49 | 0.01 | |||
General physical health and SWB | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.27 | |||||||||
Physical health | −0.03 ** | 0.01 | −0.15 ** | −0.02 *** | 0.00 | −0.24 *** | 0.06 *** | 0.01 | 0.23 *** | |||
Life satisfaction | −0.06 * | 0.03 | −0.10 * | −0.05 *** | 0.01 | −0.23 *** | 0.35 *** | 0.03 | 0.50 *** | |||
Cumulative adjusted R2 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.51 | |||||||||
F-value | 12.76 | 12.25 | 23.29 | |||||||||
F-test p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Notes: B: unstandardized coefficient; SE: standard error, β: standardized coefficient; ∆Rj2: adjusted R-Square change; * p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001.