Table 1.
Gluten secondary structure (FTIR spectroscopy) expressed in area (%) and creep strain (%) as a function of temperature, ascorbic acid (AA), diacetyl tartaric acid ester of monoglycerides (DATEM), and dithiothreitol (DTT) a.
| Treatment | Area (%) | Creep Strain (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intermolecular β-Sheets/ Extended Hydrated Chains |
Antiparallel β-Sheets, More Weakly Hydrogen-Bonded β-Sheets | Random Coils and α-Helices | β-Turns | β-Sheets | ||
| Control | 26.4 f | 24.3 d | 23.5 e | 5.6 b | 8.7 c | 13.4 d |
| AA 25 °C | 29.5 a | 24.3 de | 22.3 g | 5.3 b | 7.3 h | 13.9 c |
| AA 45 °C | 28.9 b | 24.2 f | 24.0 cd | 4.6 c | 7.6 g | 12.2 f |
| AA 65 °C | 27.9 c | 23.8 g | 25.7 a | 3.1 e | 8.2 e | 19.1 a |
| DATEM 25 °C | 25.5 h | 25.0 b | 25.7 ab | 7.5 a | 6.5 j | 7.1 i |
| DATEM 45 °C | 26.5 f | 24.3 e | 23.8 de | 4.4 cd | 9.2 b | 11.0 g |
| DATEM 65 °C | 26.3 g | 24.9 c | 25.2 b | 4.1 d | 8.3 d | 11.0 g |
| DTT 25 °C | 27.1 e | 25.6 a | 22.9 f | 5.6 b | 7.8 f | 9.5 h |
| DTT 45 °C | 26.4 f | 24.2 f | 23.8 de | 3.4 e | 10.4 a | 12.4 e |
| DTT 65 °C | 27.5 d | 23.8 g | 24.5 c | 4.8 c | 7.1 i | 15.0 b |
a Mean values (n = 3) within the same column followed by the same superscript letter are not significantly different (Tukey’s test p < 0.05). Treatments: 100 ppm AA, 0.6% DATEM, and 25 mM DTT.