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. 2022 Jan 19;11(3):325. doi: 10.3390/cells11030325

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Adaptive immune response, H₂S buffering activity. Hydrogen sulfide can restore the equilibrium of Th and Treg cells. H₂S is needed to develop appropriate Th-mediated immune response promoting Th and Treg polarization and functions. In case of excessive Th1, Th2 or Th17 activation (unbalanced of immune response), as in immune-mediated diseases, H₂S promotes Treg proliferation (+) and inhibits (−) Th activity and expansion. However, when H₂S reaches millimolar doses, it has immunosuppressive activities impairing T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion.