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. 2022 Jan 18;19(3):1064. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031064

Table 2.

Descriptive characteristics of included studies.

Author/Year Measures Results
Attachment Relationships Other Attachment Styles and Relation with Peers Gender Differences
Engels et al., 2001 [46]
  • -

    Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA, Armsden and Greenberg, 1987 [61])

  • -

    Adolescent version of the Interpersonal Behavior (SIG; Arrindell, De Groot, and Walburg, 1984 [93]; Bijstra, Jackson, and Bosma, 1995 [94])
  • -

    Perceived Competence Scale for Children (Harter, 1985 [65])
  • -

    Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965 [71])

  • -

    Depressive Mood List (Kandel and Davies, 1982 [72])

 Higher parental attachment predicts development of adolescents’ interpersonal skills such as competencies in initiating and maintaining, criticizing, or being assertive. Not reported
Mikulincer et al., 2001 [79]
  • -

    Descriptions of attachment styles (Hazan and Shaver, 1987 [62])
  • -

    Acquaintance Description Form (ADF-F; Wright, 1984, 1985 [73,95])

  • -

    Adaptation version Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI; Furman and Buhrmester, 1985 [66])

 - Adolescents with secure attachment give greater importance to closeness, support, and affiliation with their friends and peers. YES
Markiewicz et al., 2001 [80]
  • -

    Adaptation version of the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991 [63]).
  • -

    Adolescents’ prosocial behavior scale was taken from Feelings and Behavior Questionnaire (Statistics Canada, 1995 [96])

  • -

    Friendship qualities scale (FQS; Bukowski et al., 1994 [67])
  • -

    Perceptions of the Marital Relationship scale from the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Wright, 1985 [73])

  • -

    The Perception of Mother’s Social Network scale was constructed from the Social Relationship Network Questionnaire (Veroff, 1996 [97])

 Adolescents with secure attachment present better quality in their relationships with friends. Not reported
Sánchez-Queija and Oliva, 2003 [81]
  • -

    Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling and Brown, 1979 [98])
  • -

    Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA, Armsden and Greenberg, 1987 [61])

  • -

    Intimacy Scale (Sharabany, 1994 [68])

 - Adolescents with secure attachment present better affective relations with their friends, characterized by closeness and identity. YES
Weimer et al., 2004 [70]
  • -

    Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991 [63])
  • -

    Observation and coding of friendship interaction processes

  • -

    Coding categories: High and low self-disclosure, gossip, problem solving, connectedness, individuality, transactive statements, planning, and extraneous comments

  • -

    Friendship Qualities Scale (FQS; Bukowski, Hoza, and Boivin, 1994 [67])

 - Adolescents with secure attachment establish relationships with friends based on intimacy, connection, and fluidity. Not reported
Zimmermann, 2004 [82]
  • -

    AAI Q-sort (Kobak, 1993 [99])
  • -

    Friendship and Peer Relations Interview (Zimmermann, 1992 [100])
  • -

    Offer Self-Image Questionnaire (Seiffge-Krenke, 1987 [74])

 Adolescents with secure attachment present a more elaborate concept of friendship, better quality relations, and greater intimacy with peers. Not reported
Saferstein et al., 2005 [85]
  • -

    Adult Attachment Measure (Hazan and Shaver, 1987 [62])
  • -

    Friendship Qualities Scale (FQS; Bukowski et al., 1994 [67])

 - Adolescents with secure attachment report greater quality in their interactions, comradeship, transcendence in the problems that arise in interactions, and les conflict with peers. YES
Allen et al., 2007 [64]
  • -

    Adaptation version of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and Q-set (Kobak et al., 1993 [101])

  • -

    Observed autonomy and relatedness with parent

  • -

    Coding categories: promoting relatedness, undermining relatedness, promoting autonomy, and undermining autonomy
  • -

    A modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus, 1979 [102])

  • -

    Supportive Behavior Coding System (Allen, Hall, Insabella, Land, Marsh and Porter, 2001 [103])

  • -

    The Autonomy-Relatedness Coding System for Peer Interaction (Allen, Porter, and McFarland, 2001 [104]).

  • -

    Measure of popularity following the procedure described in Coie, Dodge, and Coppotelli (1982) [105]

  • -

    Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden and Greenberg, 1987 [61])
  • -

    Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs and Beck, 1977 [75])

  • -

    Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach and Edelbrock, 1991 [76])

 Secure attachment and positive tone with parents in disagreements is linked to positive relations based on emotional support, popularity, and les pressure with peers. Not reported
Dykas et al., 2008 [51]
  • -

    Modified version of AAI (George et al., 1985 [60]).
  • -

    Modified version of social behavior and victimization assessments developed by Parkhurst and Asher (1992) [106]

  • -

    Peer acceptance assessment using an instrument devised by Asher and Dodge (1986) [107]

  • -

    Nomination procedure A modified version of the Children’s Expectations of Social Behavior Questionnaire–Peer Version (Rudolph, Hammen, and Burge, 1995 [108])

 - Adolescents with secure attachment are perceived as more prosocial and are more accepted by peers. Not reported
Feeney et al., 2008 [87]
  • -

    Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, and Main, 1985 [60])
  • -

    Modified version of scale support-seeking and support provision by Collins and Feeney, 2000 [109], and Feeney, 2004 [110]

  • -

    Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR; Brennan, Clark, and Shaver, 1998 [111])

 - Adolescents with secure attachment representations present greater support-seeking and support-giving behaviors with strangers of similar age. Not reported
Bauminger et al., 2008 [88]
  • -

    Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ; Mikulincer, Florian, and Tolmacz, 1990 [112])
  • -

    Intimacy Scale (Shulman, Laursen, Kalman, and Karpovsky, 1997 [113])

  • -

    Adolescent Sense of Coherence Scale (Margalit and Ziv, 1997 [114])

  • -

    Self-Disclosure Scale (Shulman et al., 1997 [113])

 - Avoidant and anxious attachment are related to less intimacy with peers, mediated by low self-coherence and self-disclosure. YES
Shomaker et al., 2009 [89]
  • -

    Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI): Behavioral Systems Version (Furman, 2000 [115])

  • -

    Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, and Main, 1985 [60])

  • -

    Behavioral Systems Questionnaire (BSQ; Furman and Wehner, 1999 [116])
  • -

    Adolescent–close friend dyads.

  • -

    Using Interactional Dimensions Coding System (IDCS; Julien, Markman and Van Widenfelt, 1986 [117])

 - Dismissing
working models are associated with poorer focus on problem discussions and weaker communication skills.		 YES
Carr, 2009 [59]
  • -

    Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ; West, Rose, Spreng, eldon-Keller and Adam, 1998 [118])
  • -

    Sport Friendship Quality Scale (SFQS; Weiss and Smith, 1999 [119])

 - Adolescent dyads with secure attachment show characteristics of more positive friendship than those with one member with insecure attachment. Not reported
Boling et al., 2011 [86]
  • -

    Parental Attachment Questionnaire (PAQ; Kenny, Moilanen, Lomax, and Brabeck, 1993 [120])
  • -

    Self-perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988 [69])

  • -

    Friendship Qualities Questionnaire

  • -

    (FQQ; Berndt and Keefe, 1995 [121])

 - Secure attachment is related with adolescent social competence and higher quality in friendship with peers. Adolescents with secure attachment feel comfortable exploring their environment and interacting. Not reported
Sánchez-Queija and Oliva, 2015 [83]
  • -

    Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, and Brown, 1979 [98])
  • -

    Intimacy Scale (Sharabany, 1994 [68])

  • -

    Peer-group Attachment Scale (Armsden and Greenberg, 1987 [61])

 - Adolescents with secure attachment present greater closeness and intimacy toward their peers and best friends, demonstrating a similar tendency across ages. YES
Venta et al., 2015 [90]
  • -

    Child Attachment Interview (CAI; Target, Fonagy, Shmueli-Goetz, Datta, and Schneider, 2007 [122])
  • -

    Social Problems subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001 [123])
  • -

    Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC; Dziobek, Fleck, Kalbe, Rogers, Hassenstab, Brand, …, and Convit, 2006 [77])

 Adolescents with disorganized attachment have difficulty in their interpersonal relations with peers, with mentalizing mediating Not reported
Chow et al., 2016 [91]
  • -

    A modified version of the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS; Collins and Read, 1990 [124])
  • -

    Network of Relationships Inventory (Furman and Buhrmester, 1985 [66])

 - Avoidant attachment is associated with past perceptions of exclusion in friendship and a decrease in intimacy. Not reported
Wong et al., 2020 [92]
  • -

    Comprehensive Adolescent-Parent Attachment Inventory (CAPAI; Moretti, McKay, and Holland, 2000 [125])
  • -

    Network of Relationships Inventory-Social-Provision Version (NRI-SPV; Furman and Buhrmester, 1985 [66])

 - Adolescents with anxious attachment are more likely to establish negative interactions with friends. The older they are, the worse their relations. YES
Loeb et al., 2020 [84]
  • -

    The Adult Attachment Interview Q-Set (AAI Q-Set; Kobak, 1993 [101])
  • -

    Supportive Behavior Task (using the Supportive Behavior Coding System) (Allen et al., 2001 [103])

  • -

    Aggressive Attitudes Questionnaire (Slaby and Guerra, 1988 [126])

  • -

    Adolescent Self-Perception Profile (Harter, 1988 [69])
  • -

    International Personality Inventory Pool (Goldberg, Johnson, Eber, Hogan, Ashton, Cloninger, and Gough; 2006 [78])

 Adolescents with secure attachment demonstrate more support-seeking behaviors with peers, developing positive relations in later stages, whereas ambivalent insecure attachment is associated with decreased support-seeking. Not reported