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. 2022 Feb 1;11(3):510. doi: 10.3390/cells11030510

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The Drosophila pigmentation gene regulatory network subcircuit. (A) Schematic of the yellow locus, with the positions of the ‘body element’ and ‘wing enhancer” highlighted. The bristle and tarsal claw CRMs are shown in grey. Note that additional regulatory sequences, not pictured, can be found throughout the locus, including in the large intron (drawing not to scale). (B) The differences in abdominal pigmentation and the phylogenetic relationship between three species, (top to bottom) D. melanogaster, D. pseudoobscura, and D. willistoni. From left to right: dissected dorsal abdomen and dorsal view of adult fly for males and females. (C) Wings from D. willistoni, D. biarmipes, and D. guttifera, showing differences in pigmentation pattern. (D) Partial schematic of the Drosophila pigmentation GRN, with emphasis on yellow; see text for details. The regulation of yellow, ebony, and tan by upstream factors is either direct (solid lines) or indirect (dashed lines) and can be in the form of activating (arrow) or repressive (bar) inputs. Species-specific loss of binding is shown using a dotted line. Unknown upstream factors are denoted by question marks. The wing (blue box) and abdomen (yellow box) subcircuits are shown separately, even though they share components, to better illustrate the regulatory differences in these tissues. The abdomen subcircuit focuses on regulation in the A5 and A6 segments. Multiple species have been incorporated into one network; however, the individual CRMs involved are not depicted. Although additional linkages can be inferred, for simplicity only those discussed in the text are included. Linkages unique to D. melanogaster are colored black, those specific to D. prostipennis are colored green, those specific to D. kikkawai are colored blue, those specific to D. biampries are colored pink, those specific to D. elegans are colored purple, and those specific to D. guttifera are colored orange. Image credits: panel B, © Kalay, et al. [19] used with permission under CC-BY 4.0 license; panel C, reprinted from Rebeiz and Williams [13], © Elsevier, used with permission.