Table 3.
Studies that investigated the use of exosomes for cancer therapy [77].
| Source of Exosomes | Disease Type | Drugs | Isolation Methods |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raw 264.7 macrophages (mouse) | Multi-drug resistant cancers (in vitro and mouse models) | Doxorubicin and paclitaxel | Low-speed centrifugation with precipitating reagents and purifying column |
| Primary dendritic cells (mouse) | Breast cancer (in vitro and mouse models) | VEGF siRNA | Differential centrifugation and UC |
| Neutrophils | Malignant glioma | Doxorubicin | Ultracentrifugation |
| MSC | Colorectal cancer | Doxorubicin | Ultracentrifugation |
| Milk (bovine) | Lung cancer (in vitro and mouse models) | Paclitaxel | Differential gradient centrifugation and UC |
| MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells (human) | Breast carcinoma (in vitro) | Doxorubicin | Differential gradient centrifugation |
| LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells (human) | Prostate cancer (in vitro) | Paclitaxel | Differential centrifugation |
| Lewis lung carcinoma cells (mouse) | Lung cancer (in vitro) | Methotrexate | Differential gradient centrifugation |
| Immature dendritic cells (mouse) | Breast cancer (in vitro and mouse models) | Doxorubicin | Ultrafiltration, UC, and gradient centrifugation |
| HeLa cervical cancer cells (human) | Cervical cancer (in vitro) | Dextran | Precipitating reagents (total exosome isolation kit, Invitrogen) |
| H22 hepatocarcinoma cells (mouse) | Hepatocarcinoma (in vitro and mouse models) | Cisplatin | Differential gradient centrifugation |
| Gastric cancer (SKBR-3) | Gastric cancer | Trastuzumab | Ultracentrifugation |
| EL-4 lymphoma cells (mouse) | Tumor-induced inflammation (in vitro and mouse models) | Curcumin | Sucrose gradient centrifugation |
| Bone-marrow-derived MSCs (human) | Lung cancer (in vitro) | TRAIL | Filtration |
| Pleural mesothelioma (in vitro) | TRAIL | Filtration | |
| Renal cancer (in vitro) | TRAIL | Filtration | |
| Breast adenocarcinoma (in vitro) | TRAIL | Filtration | |
| Neuroblastoma (in vitro) | TRAIL | Filtration | |
| B16-F10 melanoma cells (mouse) | Melanoma (in vitro) | Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles | Ultracentrifugation (UC) |
| B16BL6 melanoma cells (mouse) | Melanoma (in vitro and mouse models) | CpG DNA | Filtration and differential UC |
| ADR/MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells (human) | Breast carcinoma (in vitro) | Cisplatin | Differential gradient centrifugation |
| A549 lung carcinoma cells (human) | Lung carcinoma (in vitro, mouse models, and stage IV human patients) | Doxorubicin | Differential gradient centrifugation |
| M1 macrophage | Pancreatic cancer | Gemcitabine/Deferasirox | Ultracentrifugation |
| Human breast cancer cell line (EFM-192A) | Breast cancer | Trastuzumab | Ultracentrifugation |