Figure 1.

Simplified representation of the nuclear envelope and associated abnormalities. (a) The nuclear envelope consists of two membranes: the inner and outer nuclear membrane (INM and ONM respectively). Underlying the INM is the lamina composed of lamin A, B and C protein filaments that provide structural support to the nucleus. At the INM are members of the LEM domain protein family that can bind to the lamina directly or via BAF, a protein that binds DNA and the lamina. Spanning the NE are LINC complexes that connect the nuclear interior to various cytoskeletal components. (b) Schematic overview of nuclear aberrations discussed in this review.