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. 2022 Jan 20;23(3):1118. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031118

Figure 1.

Figure 1

E2 regulation of mitochondrial function and turnover. Several signalling proteins contribute to the effects of E2 on mitochondrial respiration, biogenesis, mitophagy and cell death. Abbreviations: Aif1: Apoptotic-inducing factor 1, E2: 17β-Oestradiol, ERα: oestrogen receptor α, ERβ: oestrogen receptor β, Erk: extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Mapk: mitogen-activated-protein-kinase, MPTP: mitochondria permeability transition pore, Nfκb: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, Nrf1: nuclear receptor factor, Pgc-1α: proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α, Pgc-1β: proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-β, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase, Sp1: stimulating protein-1 and Tfam: mitochondrial transcription factor A.