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. 2022 Jan 20;23(3):1118. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031118

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of E2 on mitochondrial dynamics in the cardiovascular system. E2–ERβ interaction modulates the proteins of mitochondrial dynamics in a direct or indirect manner, thereby eliciting effects on cardiovascular (patho)physiology. Abbreviations: Drp1: dynamin-related protein 1, E2: 17β-Oestradiol, ERβ: oestrogen receptor β, Erk: extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Fis1: fission factor 1, INR: insulin resistance, IRI: ischaemia-reperfusion injury, Mapk: mitogen-activated-protein-kinase, Mfn1: mitofusin 1, Mfn2: mitofusin 2, MPTP: mitochondria permeability transition pore, Opa1: optic atrophy 1, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase, Phb: prohibitin and ROS: reactive oxygen species.