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Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in the kidney. NADPH oxidase is the main source of cellular ROS. Nox4 is an isoform of NADPH oxidase expressed in renal tubules that leads to oxidative stress (ROS and MDA) and damages the kidney. Stress stimuli, for instances cisplatin, STZ, ischemia result in decreased Nrf2 thus leading to oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species, ROS; MDA, malondialdehyde; streptozotocin, STZ; NF-E2-related factor 2, Nrf2.
