Table 1.
In vivo renoprotective effects of mangiferin.
| Model Animals | Disease Inducing Agents | Mangiferin Dosages | Effects of Mangiferin | Ref. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dose | Route | Duration | Oxidative Stress | Inflammation | Fibrosis | Other Pathologies | |||
| Mice | Cisplatin | 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg | orally | 21 days | ↓ ROS ↑ GSH, SOD, CAT, GST, GR, GPx |
↓ TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κB |
− | ↓ Caspase-3 | [20] |
| Rats | Cisplatin | 20 and 40 mg/kg | i.p. | 10 days | ↓ ROS, MDA ↑ GSH, SOD, CAT |
↓ TNF-α, IL-6 | − | ↓Bax, caspase-3 ↑ Bcl-2↓ MAPK pathway |
[21] |
| Mice | STZ | 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day | orally | 4 Weeks | ↓ ROS, MDA ↑ SOD, CAT, andGSH-Px |
↓TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β | ↓TGF-β1, FN, Col I, and α-SMA |
↓Phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt | [7] |
| Rats | STZ | 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg; | orally | 30 days | ↓ ROS, MDA ↑ SOD, CAT, GPX, GR |
↓ NF-kB, TNF-α | − | ↓ Cytochrome C ↓ Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3↑ Bcl-2↓ MAPK pathway |
[22] |
| Rats | STZ | 40 mg/kg | orally | 28 days | ↓ ROS ↑ CAT, GST, GS, GSH, GPx, SOD |
↓ NF-κB, TNF-α, VEGF, PKC |
↓ TGFβ1 | − | [23] |
| Rats | STZ | 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg | orally | 12 weeks | − | − | − | ↑ AMPK ↓ mTOR ↑ pULK1 |
[24] |
| Rats | STZ | 40 mg/kg/day | orally | 30 days | ↑ SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH ↓ ROS, MDA |
− | − | − | [25] |
| Rats | STZ | 10 and 20 mg/kg | i.p | 28 days | ↓ ROS, MDA ↑ SOD, CAT |
− | − | − | [26] |
| Rats | STZ | 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg | orally | 9 weeks | ↓ ROS, MDA, AGEs ↑ GSH |
− | − | − | [27] |
| Mice | LPS | 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg | i.p. | 7 days | ↓ ROS, MDA ↑ SOD |
↓ NF-κB, HMGB1 | − | − | [28] |
| Rats | LPS | 10, 50, 100 μM | 1 h | ↓ ROS, MDA | ↓ IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3 |
− | ↓ caspase-9 and caspase-3 |
[29] | |
| Mice | Uric acid | 50 mg/kg/day | orally | 7 days | ↓ ROS, XO ↑ SOD |
↓ IL-1b, IL-18 | − | − | [30] |
| Mice | Uric Acid | 10, and 30 mg/kg | 7 days | ↓ ROS, MDA | − | − | − | [31] | |
| Rats and mice | Uric acid | 1.5–6.0 mg/kg | i.p. | 5 days | − | − | − | ↓ URAT1, OAT10, and GLUT9 | [32] |
| Rats | OPN | 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day | orally | 9 weeks | − | ↓ TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, NF-κB, p65 |
↓ Col IV, α-SMA |
− | [33] |
| Mice | tBHP | 75 mg/kg | orally | 2 weeks | ↑ SOD, CAT, GST, GRGPX | ↓ TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β |
− | ↓ Bax, caspase-8 caspase-3 ↑ Bcl-2 |
[34] |
| Rats | DGal | 25 mg/kg | i.p. | 14 days | ↓ ROS, MDA ↑ CAT, GST, GS, GPx, SOD |
↓ NF-κB a, NO, TNF-α |
− | ↓ Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3 ↑ Bcl-2, Bcl-xL |
[35] |
| Mice | Ischemia | 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg | i.p. | 30 min | − | ↓ TNF-α and IL-1β | − | ↓ Caspase-3 | [36] |
ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH, glutathione; CAT, catalase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; GR, glutathione reductase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; AGEs, advanced glycation end products; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; DGal, D+galactosamine; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; FN, fibronectin; GLUT9, glucose transporter 9; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1; i.p, intraperitoneal injection; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; MDA, malondialdehyde; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; OAT10, organic anion transporter 10; OPN, osteopontin; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, TNFα; tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1, tBHP; tert-Butylhydroperoxide, ULK1; unc-51-like kinase 1, URAT1; urate-anion transporter 1, VEGF; Vascular endothelial growth factor, XOD; Xanthone Oxidase.