Table 3.

Moderator analysis for the effects of physical activity vs. control intervention on global cognition.

Moderator	Level	Number of Trials	Sub-Analysis			Between-Group Homogeneity
			SMD	95% CI	I2 %	Q-Value	df(Q)	p-Value
Type	Aerobic exercise	8	0.60	0.32 to 0.88	43.6%	4.69	1	0.03
	Mixed exercises	10	0.24	0.06 to 0.41	0%
Duration	≤12 weeks	8	0.39	0.15 to 0.63	0%	0.12	1	0.73
	≥13 weeks	10	0.45	0.20 to 0.69	50.3%
	Low (≤2)	2	0.20	−0.17 to 0.58	0%	1.48	2	0.48
Frequency	Medium (3–4)	14	0.46	0.25 to 0.67	42.7%
	High (5–7)	2	0.31	−0.13 to 0.76	0%
Session time	≤45 min	7	0.66	0.33 to 0.99	45.4%	4.41	1	0.04
	>45 min	11	0.27	0.11 to 0.42	0%
AD stage	Mild AD	7	0.20	−0.003 to 0.39	0%	6.26	2	0.04
	Mild to moderate AD	7	0.54	0.32 to 0.76	0%
	Moderate to severe AD	4	0.75	0.03 to 1.47	79%
Control type	Health education	1	0.63	0.06 to 1.20	0%	2.72	3	0.44
	Cognitive treatment	2	0.15	−0.33 to 0.63	0%
	Social activity	5	0.66	0.11 to 1.21	72.7%
	Usual medical treatment	11	0.35	0.19 to 0.52	0%
Study quality	Good	13	0.36	0.21 to 0.51	66%	0.24	1	0.62
	Fair	5	0.51	0.05 to 1.06	2%
	Moderator	Number of Trials	β	95% CI		Q-Value	df(Q)	p-Value
	Session time	18	−0.0105	−0.0197 to −0.0013		4.98	1	0.03
	Duration (weeks)	18	−0.0163	−0.0523 to 0.0196		0.79	1	0.37
	Frequency (per week)	18	0.0430	−0.1166 to 0.2026		0.28	1	0.60
	Total training time (during experiment)	18	−0.0001	−0.0002 to 0.0001		1.38	1	0.24
	Age	18	−0.0031	−0.03333 to 0.0271		0.042	1	0.84
	Male percentage	18	−0.0022	−0.0145 to 0.0101		0.12	1	0.73

AD = Alzheimer’s disease; CI = Confidence interval; df = degree of freedom; SMD = Standardized mean difference. ≤45 min = 30–45 min.